Development of a Nakazima Test Suitable for Determining the Formability of Ultra-Thin Copper Sheets

Ayachi, N.; Guermazi, Noamen; Pham, Cong Hanh; Manach, Pierre‐Yves

doi:10.3390/met10091163

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The specimens were divided into finite element meshes with an element size of h = 0.5 mm in the central region where failure was expected, and simulations were conducted using the Nakazima test model, with a constant punch velocity of 1 m/s. Based on the results, the authors concluded that comparing the numerical outcomes to the experimental FLC confirmed that it is feasible to utilize finite element simulations to determine FLCs Sreenath et.al, [13] The FLD (Forming Limit Diagram) for AA2014 and AA2024 was created using the Nakazima test simulation tool. The experimental results were then compared with the simulation results, and the simulation tool was validated.…”

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confidence: 88%

Tensile And Formability Studies on AISI310 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Kosaraju¹,

Dharavath²,

Reddy³

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

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Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium, and, occasionally, nickel and other metals that resists corrosion. Metal is made into thin, flat pieces through an industrial process called sheet metal. One of the fundamental shapes used in metalworking, it can be cut and bent into many other shapes. Metal sheet is used to create a vast array of common items. The aim of the current work is to examine the 310 austenitic stainless steel’s formability at room temperature with different strain rates (i.e 0.1&0.01mm/s). The study’s outcomes were achieved through the utilization of the Nakazima test during stretch forming. Before performing formability test, The mechanical properties of a high-strength stainless steel AISI 310 were examined by conducting tensile tests at room temperature with 0.1,0.01mm/s strain rates. The failure modes, stress-strain curves of all the test specimens were obtained and analyzed. In the current experiment, the stretch forming of different shaped metal was tested in servo electric hot forming machine with different strain rates i.e, (0.1,0.01) at room temperature and plotted forming limit diagrams based on the results. Then simulations of the experiments were performed in LS-dyna software and compared with the practical experiment results.

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confidence: 88%

Tensile And Formability Studies on AISI310 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Kosaraju¹,

Dharavath²,

Reddy³

et al. 2023

E3S Web Conf.

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“…Formability is determined by the Nakajima method. 26 The Nakajima test must be performed to obtain the FLDs. To confirm the above response, copper sheets of two thicknesses (2 and 0.25 mm) for intermediate sheet strips were cut into the desired shape as per standard 17 as shown in Supplemental Figure 1(a)-(f) and Supplemental Table 3.…”

Section: Experimental Fld Confirmationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Neural Network prediction of forming limit diagram for directionally-rolled, size scaled copper strips

Sivam

Harshavardhana

Rajendran

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Estimating the forming limit diagram (FLD) is tedious and cost-intensive. Methods driven by data and artificial intelligence are used to determine the relationship between scaled thickness and the forming rates of various cups drawn out of ETP copper sheets. Machine learning (ML) techniques have a good chance of predicting the FLD of copper alloys, and they are being used increasingly in sensitive electronic and structural applications. The current research aims to create ML-based artificial neural network (ANN) tools to model the relationship between scaled thickness and forming rates as a function of formability. The FLD is measured for copper strips of initial dimensions of 1500 mm long, 750 mm wide, and 6 mm thick, whose thickness was reduced successively by 50% in nine incremental steps. Thus, 3, 1.5, 0.75, 0.38, and 0.19 mm sheets were obtained and used to determine FLD through the Nakajima approach. An FEA model of the drawing was made in Altair Inspire Form, and the simulation results were used to train a two-step ML. A Bayesian regularization (BR) and Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm (LM) were used in the first step to predict strains’ maximum and minimum points. In the second step, the minor strains predicted in the first step are used as inputs. Using the same feature set, the BR and LM algorithms predict the major strain, showing a linear trend until the middle and then a nonlinear trend. The trained ML model was used to predict unknown intermediate values for estimating the over-learning and over-fitting problems here for 2 and 0.25 mm thick sheets and are validated experimentally. The variation between the FLDs of predicted and experimentally verified data falls between 2% and 5%. Such small changes in the FLD values show that the proposed ML model could be used to predict the FLDs of copper strips.

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“…These tests involve a hemispherical punch to deform sheet metal blanks of various shapes until a fracture occurs [10]. The means growth using a circular die and hemispherical punch to create rectangular specimens of various sizes.…”

Section: Nakajima Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro Forming and its Application: A Critical Review

Tiwari¹,

Kakandikar²,

Kulkarni³

2022

J. Engg. Res. & Sci.

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In terms of manufacturing methods/processes, micro-manufacturing has received a lot of attention around the world. Micro-forming is one of the most widely used micro-manufacturing techniques. The micro forming is based on the properties of materials based on the process of shaping parts and object by mechanical deformation. Many efforts had been focused on micro-forming, in particular the deep drawing process, because of the method's ability to produce an extensive variety of products, particularly in its conventional macro-process. This method is used to create the majority of everyday items. Although efforts were made to develop micro-forming for industrial use, the technique was deemed to be insufficiently advanced. Much development effort was required, in particular, to design a completely computerized high-extent production micro-forming machine that is dependable and ready to perform always in terms of procedures, material handling, and tooling to assure effective micro-product production. Micro forming, which is discussed in this work, is also one of the often-used micro-forming methods in deforming procedures. Finally, in addition to continuing to improve micro forming, this study aims to investigate the essential methods of the Limit dome height test, Nakajima test, M K Model test, and deep drawing processes and their major concerns in a systematic manner.

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Development of a Nakazima Test Suitable for Determining the Formability of Ultra-Thin Copper Sheets

Cited by 13 publications

References 39 publications

Tensile And Formability Studies on AISI310 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Tensile And Formability Studies on AISI310 Austenitic Stainless Steel

Artificial Neural Network prediction of forming limit diagram for directionally-rolled, size scaled copper strips

Micro Forming and its Application: A Critical Review

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