Development of a National HRD Strategy Model

Abstract

National human resource development (NHRD) literature describes the importance of developing human resources at the national level and presents several models. These models are primarily concerned with the national contexts of developing and underdeveloped countries. In contrast, the NHRD models in the non-HRD literature focus primarily on developed countries. Both types of models describe NHRD strategies with little analytical attention to the larger societal context, which the authors argue has a deep influence on the trajectory of NHRD practices in developing countries. The authors traced the evolution of NHRD strategies through an in-depth analysis of two emerging economies-India and China. Through comparative analysis, this study identifies similarities and differences in the emergence of NHRD strategy and develops a model that provides an enriched perspective on the dynamic process of NHRD strategy development.

National HRD in Oman: a Stakeholder Perspective on the Implementation of the National Training Programme

“…Indeed, the governments of many developing economies believe that a large and successful vocational education sector is an important, indeed necessary, element in their development strategies, as it equips citizens with the skills needed by industry, whilst at the same time helping to reduce unemployment (Wilkins, 2002, p. 5). NHRD is delivered in developed and developing economies to encourage societal development and economic promotion (Alagaraja & Wang, 2012), often through vocational training and development programmes.…”

“…None-the-less, various governments, such as South Korea and China (Yang et al, 2004;Kim et al, 2009;Alagaraja & Wang, 2012), underpin their NHRD initiatives with the appointment of a Minister who has a key role in establishing national HRD policy, and their related strategies. It is, however, important to note that a NHRD programme needs to adopt a 'best fit' approach, rather than a 'best practice' perspective, and one that is sensitive to institutional and cultural characteristics (Murphy & Garavan, 2009).…”

The factors and conditions for national human resource development in Brazil

“…Although NHRD's theoretical underpinnings have come under fire (e.g., Wang, 2007, Wang andSwanson, 2008), NHRD remains as a prevalent research topic (Alagaraja & Wang, 2012). A 2004 issue of Advances in Developing Human Resources focused on various approaches to NHRD in China (Yang et al, 2004), India (Rao, 2004), Kenya (Lutta-Mukhebi, 2004) Poland (Szalkowki and Jankowicz, 2004), Singapore (Osman-Gani, 2004) St. Lucia (Scotland, 2004), and the United Kingdom (Lee, 2004), to name a few.…”

Education as a Response toNHRDGaps in Developing Economies: A Case Study of l'Ecole de Choix/The School of Choice (Haiti), as Critical National Human Resource Development

“…The entire Advances in Human Resource Development issue in which Paprock's article is located is devoted to an examination of countries in stages ranging from medium to low‐medium human development such as Morocco and South Africa, to middle‐medium human development such as China and then high‐medium human development, such as the Philippines and Brazil. Within this AHRD journal issue, and in other articles that explore country cases such as Korea (Byun & Ryu, ), India and China (Alagaraja & Wang, ), and the United Kingdom (Stewart & Sambrook, ), there is little evidence to show that the NHRD research has taken into account the context of an underdeveloped nation [using the term borrowed from Paprock's () discussion of the Human Development Index]. Haiti's HDI value for 2012 was 0.456—in the low human development category—positioning the country at 161 out of 187 countries and territories (United Nations Development Programme, ).…”

“…We suggest that, as HRD scholars, it is valuable intentionally and inclusively to consider emerging economies such as Haiti, not only to expand our understanding of that particular environment, but also to be able better to understand intra-and HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT QUARTERLY • DOI: 10.1002/hrdq infracultural issues related to HRD globally. Because of the confl uence of factors such as political turmoil, unstable infrastructure, social inequality, natural disasters, persistent poverty, malnutrition, and a weak economy, Haiti' s NHRD efforts do not fi t into the current models of NHRD set forth by existing NHRD scholarship (Alagaraja & Wang, 2012;Cho & McLean, 2004;Cox, Arkoubi, & Estrada, 2006;Hasler, Thompson, & Schuler, 2006;Ke, Chermack, Lee, & Lin, 2006;Lynham & Cunningham, 2006;Murphy & Garavan, 2009;Paprock, 2006;Wang, 2012). NHRD scholarship that considers a wide range of countries, including emerging or developing economies, offers insights and perhaps even solutions on which humanitarian efforts can build or, in the case of Haiti, rebuild societies in ways that enhance the quality and dignity of life for all people (McLean, 2004;Smith, 2006).…”