Development of a nerve conduction technique for the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Kim, Sang J.; Lee, Dae G; Kwon, Jeong-Yi

doi:10.1002/lary.24831

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…However, no correction was made for differences in nerve length in our study, which likely explains the longer latency of the left RLn. Nevertheless, the similar left and right RLn conduction latencies reported in dogs and humans were explained by the left side's wider diameter (and therefore faster conducting) axons when compared to the right, compensating for the longer path . The left distal RLn of young (<2 year old) horses that lacked histopathological features of RLN, had significantly fewer myelinated nerve fibers, and smaller diameter myelinated nerve fibers than those in the right distal RLn.…”

Section: Objective Functional Testing Of the Rlnmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…In this situation, pathological evaluation of the RLn would be necessary to differentiate axonal loss from demyelination as the cause for the conduction block. Unfortunately, NCVs are influenced by many factors such as the individual's age, sex, height, and skin temperature: for instance, in humans, every 1 cm increase in height, accounts for a 0.2 m/s decrease in NCV and women have slower NCVs in the RLn than men . The negative correlation between height and NCV has been attributed to the abrupt tapering of the nerve fiber diameter with increasing nerve length (which is mainly caused by a reduction in the axonal diameter) rather than to any effect on internodal distance …”

Section: Objective Functional Testing Of the Rlnmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pathological classification of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy

Draper

Piercy

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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Recurrent Laryngeal Neuropathy (RLN) is a highly prevalent and predominantly left‐sided, degenerative disorder of the recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLn) of tall horses, that causes inspiratory stridor at exercise because of intrinsic laryngeal muscle paresis. The associated laryngeal dysfunction and exercise intolerance in athletic horses commonly leads to surgical intervention, retirement or euthanasia with associated financial and welfare implications. Despite speculation, there is a lack of consensus and conflicting evidence supporting the primary classification of RLN, as either a distal (“dying back”) axonopathy or as a primary myelinopathy and as either a (bilateral) mononeuropathy or a polyneuropathy; this uncertainty hinders etiological and pathophysiological research. In this review, we discuss the neuropathological changes and electrophysiological deficits reported in the RLn of affected horses, and the evidence for correct classification of the disorder. In so doing, we summarize and reveal the limitations of much historical research on RLN and propose future directions that might best help identify the etiology and pathophysiology of this enigmatic disorder.

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Section: Objective Functional Testing Of the Rlnmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Objective Functional Testing Of the Rlnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathological classification of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy

Draper

Piercy

2018

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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“…Kim et al successfully performed transcutaneous rlMNCS in 42 awake participants with vocal cord paralysis by using anatomical landmarks; 3 cm proximal to the cricoid cartilage, lateral to the trachea, and medial to the carotid artery at an average depth of 2-2.5 cm. 24 The authors obtained consistent recordings with minimal pain and no adverse events, deeming it a viable technique. However, the variability and uncertainty in the location of the stimulus prevented clinically useful comparisons of outcome metrics, especially nerve conduction study measures such as the latency to CMAP onset.…”

Section: Rlmncsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Recurrent laryngeal motor nerve conduction studies in a rat model: Establishing an objective measure for investigating laryngeal innervation

et al. 2023

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Introduction/AimsDisease or injury can cause neuromuscular changes to the larynx that can affect voice, breathing, and swallowing. Motor nerve conduction studies have had limited use in the study of laryngeal neurophysiology, despite their importance in other anatomic sites. The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of performing recurrent laryngeal motor nerve conduction studies (rlMNCS) in a rat model.MethodsrlMNCS were performed in 15 rats under anesthesia. A bipolar stimulating electrode was placed on the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) 5 mm below the cricoid cartilage. Via direct laryngoscopy, a recording electrode was placed transorally into the thyroarytenoid muscle. The RLN was maximally stimulated to determine the compound muscle action potential (CMAP). Three consecutive trials were averaged.ResultsThe mean stimulating threshold to the RLN to achieve a CMAP from the thyroarytenoid was 1.7 ± 0.6 mA. RLN stimulation caused a visible adductor twitch of the vocal fold in all animals. The mean negative amplitude was 2.0 ± 0.8 mV, and the total area was 1.0 ± 0.4 mV ms. The CMAP latency and negative duration were 1.0 ± 0.1 ms and 0.9 ± 0.2 ms, respectively.DiscussionrlMNCS are feasible and may be useful in understanding laryngeal neurophysiology with disease or injury. This work could provide a tractable animal model for studying and monitoring treatment of neuromuscular conditions affecting voice, breathing, and swallowing.

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“…This shows that for some long-term peripheral nerve compression injuries, nerve injuries can recover quickly after surgical resection of the impinging mass. 7 , 8 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Third branchial cleft cyst as a cause of hoarseness: a case report

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2021

J Int Med Res

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Third branchial cleft cyst is a rare congenital disease of the neck. It presents as a painless mass that develops rapidly in the neck following an infection. This is the first case report of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy caused by a third branchial cleft cyst. A 30-year-old woman presented with a 3-month history of hoarseness as her only symptom; she had no pain, fever, dysphagia, dyspnoea, or palpable neck mass. Laryngoscopy revealed that her right vocal cord was paralyzed. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a cystic mass in the right tracheoesophageal groove that was closely associated with the trachea. Intraoperatively, the cyst was found not to originate from the thyroid or trachea, but it was compressing the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. The hoarseness resolved the day after the cyst was removed.

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Development of a nerve conduction technique for the recurrent laryngeal nerve

Abstract: 4.

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Pathological classification of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy

Pathological classification of equine recurrent laryngeal neuropathy

Recurrent laryngeal motor nerve conduction studies in a rat model: Establishing an objective measure for investigating laryngeal innervation

Third branchial cleft cyst as a cause of hoarseness: a case report

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