Development of a network alteration theory for the Mullins - softening of filled elastomers based on the morphology of filler–chain interactions

Khajehsaeid, H.

doi:10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2015.10.032

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Since there is still no unanimous interpretation for the physical origin of the Mullins effect, the mechanical quantity characterizing threshold of this effect has not been clearly defined. In attempt to provide a physical interpretation, the nature of broken links in material micro-structure has been noticed in [25] with focus on the role of filler particles and their interactions with molecular chains. A filler-chain bond is made if at least one monomer segment (or an end) of a chain is adsorbed on a filler surface.…”

Section: Generalized Form Of the Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, applying a deformation to the material accelerates the breakage of weak physical filler-chain bonds and affects the balance. A Langmuir-type theory has been proposed for this phenomenon in [25]:…”

Section: Generalized Form Of the Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, number of active monomer segments per unit volume nN ( ) must remain constant to satisfy the principle of mass conservation. Khajehsaeid [25] showed that, results of this theory are not consistent when one uses different hyperelastic models to obtain evolution of the network. Comparing the bond energy of physical filler-chain interactions with bond energies of covalent cross-links (including monosulfidic, disulfidic and polysulfidic bonds), it was concluded that the weak physical bonds are more susceptible to break during deformation rather than the cross-links.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Inserting these theories in equations has led to macromolecular models [22][23][24]. Network alteration theories as a category of the macromolecular models are defined based on the alterations induced in material molecular network during deformation [25][26][27]. The network alteration theory of Marckmann [27] employs the idea of links breakage in molecular network without emphasis on nature of broken links.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mullins thresholds in context of the network alteration theories

Khajehsaeid

2017

International Journal of Mechanical Sciences

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Rubbers undergo a softening phenomenon in first cycles of loading where it is known this softening is more pronounced in filled rubbers. Existence of a clear physical interpretation for this phenomenon called Mullins effect is of great importance in development of constitutive relations and numerical simulations. In this paper, a recently proposed network alteration theory is extended to obtain a general form of evolution laws based on the physical description of the material molecular network. The resulting evolution laws are defined based on different measures to evaluate efficiency and accuracy of each measure in predicting the Mullins softening in context of the network alteration theories. Two experimental data sets on natural rubber are thoroughly investigated to determine a reliable threshold for this effect. It is concluded that, the maximum principal stretch and the Euler-Almansi strain are not good thresholds for Mullins effect at all. Other investigated measures are relatively efficient at small stretches but they mostly become less and less accurate at large stretches. However, the stored strain energy preserves its accuracy at the whole stretch range.

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Section: Generalized Form Of the Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Generalized Form Of the Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Mullins thresholds in context of the network alteration theories

Khajehsaeid

2017

International Journal of Mechanical Sciences

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“…Related studies have been performed [9,10], and different damage variables have been proposed [11][12][13][14]. In addition, the Mullins effect has been studied from a molecular viewpoint [15][16][17], and discussions on the Mullins effect have continued.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudo-Elastic Analysis with Permanent Set in Carbon-Filled Rubber

Huang

Yang

Gao

2019

Advances in Polymer Technology

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Via cyclic loading and unloading tests of natural/styrene-butadiene rubber (NSBR) blends at room temperature, the effects of the stretching, rate, temperature, and volume fraction of carbon black in the filled rubber on a permanent set (residual strain) were studied. The results showed that increasing the stretching, rate, and volume fraction of carbon black and reducing the temperature yielded greater residual strain. The uniaxial tensile behaviors of composites with the Mullins effect and residual strain were simulated using the ABAQUS software according to the aforementioned data. An Ogden-type constitutive model was derived, and the theory of pseudo-elasticity proposed by Ogden and Roxburgh was used in the model. It was found that the theory of pseudo-elasticity and the Ogden constitutive model are applicable to this composite, and if combined with plastic deformation, the models are more accurate for calculating the residual strain after unloading.

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