Development of a nontoxic acoustic window nutrient-mist bioreactor and relevant growth data

Growth of Artemisia annua hairy roots in liquid‐ and gas‐phase reactors

“…In gas-phase reactors, roots are exposed to air and liquid nutrients are either sprayed onto the roots (Flores and Curtis, 1992;Singh and Curtis, 1994;Williams and Doran, 2000) or delivered as a mist of micron-sized droplets (Buer et al, 1996;DiIorio et al, 1992a;Weathers et al, 1999). Gasphase reactors can virtually eliminate any oxygen deficiency in dense root beds (Weathers et al, 1999) while also providing a low shear stress environment.…”

Overexpression of alcohol dehydrogenase or pyruvate decarboxylase improves growth of hairy roots at reduced oxygen concentrations

“…Accordingly, a range of prototype reactor con®gurations has been described and tested for hairy roots. These include liquid-dispersed or nutrient mist reactors (Buer et al, 1996;Liu et al, 1999;Williams and Doran, 2000;Wilson, 1997), reactors with multiple aeration outlets or distributed aeration throughout the vessel volume (Kanokwaree and Doran, 1998;Kwok and Doran, 1995), rotating drum and radial-¯ow (Kino-oka et al, 1999) reactors, and reactors with internal supports for immobilizing hairy roots (Holmes et al, 1997;Kwok and Doran, 1995;Mukundan et al, 1998;Taya et al, 1989;Wilson, 1997).…”

Design, Development, And Applications Of Mist Bioreactors For Micropropagation And Hairy Root Culture

“…In the early mist reactors ( Figures 1A and 1B), the ultrasonic transducer was in direct contact with nutrient medium salts and had to be autoclaved, considerably shortening the life of the transducer [6][7][8]. Buer et al [8] fabricated an acoustically transparent polyurethane window to isolate the medium from the transducer ( Figure 1C) but making the windows was difficult, time consuming, and the starting materials were expensive.…”

“…In the early mist reactors ( Figures 1A and 1B), the ultrasonic transducer was in direct contact with nutrient medium salts and had to be autoclaved, considerably shortening the life of the transducer [6][7][8]. Buer et al [8] fabricated an acoustically transparent polyurethane window to isolate the medium from the transducer ( Figure 1C) but making the windows was difficult, time consuming, and the starting materials were expensive. Chatterjee et al [9] replaced the custom window with an inexpensive, commercially available polypropylene container ( Figure 2) and this design was successfully used for both hairy root [9] and micropropagation studies [10][11][12].…”

“…Multiple studies have shown that using the mist reactor in its various configurations promoted equivalent or better growth of plant inocula compared to traditional controls [8,9,[32][33][34], increased shooting [34][35][36][37], increased formation of somatic embryos [6] and microtubers [38], and yielded higher rates of regeneration [34,39].…”