Development of a novel approach for characterising electron beams and quality assurance of welds

Kaur, Aman; Ribton, Colin; Balachandran, W.

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2016.09.005

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These attractive properties make titanium alloys very unique and therefore these alloys require special attention in all areas of processing, especially welding. According to Kaur et al., 1 the modern paradigm in aerospace industry has shifted from the traditional riveting to the use of welding as a joining process, not only in aero-engines but also in airframe components. This not only saves extra weight of thousands of rivets, but also additional overlapping of sheets in riveting process can be avoided, thereby reducing the overall weight of the airframe structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of microstructure, mechanical properties, and residual stresses in tungsten inert gas, laser, and electron beam welding of Ti–5Al–2.5Sn titanium alloy

Junaid

Rahman

Khan

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Electron beam welding (EBW), pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam welding (P-LBW), and pulsed tungsten inert gas (P-TIG) welding of Ti–5Al–2.5Sn alloy were performed in order to prepare full penetration weldments. Owing to relatively high power density of EBW and LBW, the fusion zone width of EBW weldment was approximately equal to P-LBW weldment. The absence of shielding gas due to vacuum environment in EBW was beneficial to the joint quality (low oxide contents). However, less cooling rates were achieved compared to P-LBW as an increase in heat-affected zone width and partial α′ martensitic transformation in fusion zone were observed in EBW weldments. The microstructure in fusion zone in both the EBW and P-TIG weldments comprised of both acicular α and α′ martensite within the prior β grains. Hardness of the fusion zone in EBW was higher than the fusion zone of P-TIG but less than the fusion zone of P-LBW weldments due to the observed microstructural differences. Notch tensile specimen of P-LBW showed higher load capacity, ductility and absorbed energy as compared to P-TIG and EBW specimens due to the presence of high strength α′ martensite phase. Maximum sheet distortions and tensile residual stresses were observed in P-TIG weldments due to high overall heat input. The lowest residual stresses were found in P-LBW weldments, which were tensile in nature. This was owing to high power density and higher cooling rates in P-LBW operation. EBW weldment exhibited the highest compressive residual stresses due to which the service life of EBW weldment is expected to improve.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of microstructure, mechanical properties, and residual stresses in tungsten inert gas, laser, and electron beam welding of Ti–5Al–2.5Sn titanium alloy

Junaid

Rahman

Khan

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Time-frequency analysis is one of the best and most accessible analytic techniques for nonsmooth signal processing [10]. Kaur [11] used a two-slit probe measuring device to measure the beam current, which was then processed by Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT). The wavelet coefficients were used to derive the energy distribution among different decomposition levels, which can characterize the electron beam better.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability Analysis of Metal Active-Gas Welding Short-Circuiting Transfer Based on Input Pulsating Energy

Lv,

He,

2024

Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, a platform for a welding experiment, used to collect input and output electrical signals, was constructed, and the algorithm for the input pulsating energy interpolation line (IPEI) was given. Experiments with MAG surface straight line welding were conducted at various voltages. Analysis of the IPEI in relation to the welding current was performed while combining real-world welding occurrences with high-speed camera images of droplet transfer. It was established that the IPEI can be employed as a characteristic parameter to assess the stability of the short-circuiting transfer process in MAG welding. The three criteria for assessing the stability were the spectrum, approximation entropy, and coefficient of variation. A comparative analysis was conducted on each of these approaches. It was determined that the most effective technique is approximation entropy. The approximation entropy of the welding current and IPEI are also highly consistent, with a correlation coefficient as high as 0.9889.

show abstract

“…1,[7][8][9] These important applications require the alloy to be performance-optimized and weight minimized. 10 Previously, riveting was used for joining process in the aerospace industry; however, in recent times, the trend has shifted toward welding. 11 Ti-5Al-2.5Sn is used in critical applications compared to other alpha titanium alloys due to its superior weldability, fracture toughness and ductility at low temperatures and therefore this alpha alloy is preferred over other alpha titanium alloys.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Due to the higher demand for titanium and its alloys, several types of welding processes including laser beam welding (LBW), tungsten inert gas (TIG) and electron beam welding (EBW) have been used for producing quality joints. 10,13 However, in the case of titanium, additional care must be taken of weld pool due to the reaction susceptibility with surrounding gases, i.e., hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. 10,13,14 Therefore, for titanium alloys, EBW is preferred as the welding takes place in vacuum, hence no contamination from the surrounding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…10,13 However, in the case of titanium, additional care must be taken of weld pool due to the reaction susceptibility with surrounding gases, i.e., hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. 10,13,14 Therefore, for titanium alloys, EBW is preferred as the welding takes place in vacuum, hence no contamination from the surrounding. The vacuum in EBW isolates the weld pool from the atmosphere which leads to weldment with no unwanted contamination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of electron beam oscillation patterns on the microstructure, texture, residual stress and mechanical properties of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn alloy weldments

Iltaf

Junaid

Khan

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B:

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Vacuum electron beam welding is widely employed for the welding of titanium alloys using different beam oscillation patterns. Since these patterns influence the physical phenomenon in the weld pool, its effect on the microstructure, texture, mechanical properties and residual stresses is of prime interest. In order to understand this influence, electron beam welding was used to prepare Ti-5Al-2.5Sn weldments using beam oscillations of triangular and rectangular waveform. It was observed that a change of welding pattern had a strong influence on the residual stresses, impact properties and texture of weld zone while tensile properties were not significantly affected. A partial martensitic transformation was observed in both the triangular and rectangular waveform of oscillations. An increase in alpha lathe width was observed in the fusion zone and similar strength of the rectangular pattern as compared to triangular pattern. Despite of this, the observed higher Vickers hardness of the fusion zone of rectangular pattern as compared to triangular and no-oscillation was attributed to texture strengthening using rectangular waveform.

show abstract

Development of a novel approach for characterising electron beams and quality assurance of welds

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison of microstructure, mechanical properties, and residual stresses in tungsten inert gas, laser, and electron beam welding of Ti–5Al–2.5Sn titanium alloy

Comparison of microstructure, mechanical properties, and residual stresses in tungsten inert gas, laser, and electron beam welding of Ti–5Al–2.5Sn titanium alloy

Stability Analysis of Metal Active-Gas Welding Short-Circuiting Transfer Based on Input Pulsating Energy

Influence of electron beam oscillation patterns on the microstructure, texture, residual stress and mechanical properties of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn alloy weldments

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About