Development of a Novel Biosensor Based on Tyrosinase/Platinum Nanoparticles/Chitosan/Graphene Nanostructured Layer with Applicability in Bioanalysis

Abstract

The present paper describes the preparation and characterization of a graphene, chitosan, platinum nanoparticles and tyrosinase-based bionanocomposite film deposited on the surface of a screen-printed carbon electrode for the detection of L-tyrosine by voltammetry. The redox process on the biosensor surface is associated with the enzymatic oxidation of L-tyrosine, which is favoured by graphene and platinum nanoparticles that increase electrical conductivity and the electron transfer rate. Chitosan ensures the biocompatibility between the tyrosinase enzyme and the solid matrix, as well as a series of complex interactions for an efficient immobilization of the biocatalyst. Experimental conditions were optimized so that the analytical performances of the biosensor were maximal for L-tyrosine detection. By using square wave voltammetry as the detection method, a very low detection limit (4.75 × 10−8 M), a vast linearity domain (0.1–100 μM) and a high affinity of the enzyme for the substrate (KMapp is 53.4 μM) were obtained. The repeatability of the voltammetric response, the stability, and the reduced interference of the chemical species present in the sample prove that this biosensor is an excellent tool to be used in bioanalysis. L-tyrosine detection in medical and pharmaceutical samples was performed with very good results, the analytical recovery values obtained being between 99.5% and 101%. The analytical method based on biosensor was validated by the standard method of analysis, the differences observed being statistically insignificant at the 99% confidence level.

Development of a Novel Electrochemical Biosensor Based on Carbon Nanofibers–Gold Nanoparticles–Tyrosinase for the Detection of Ferulic Acid in Cosmetics

“…Besides, gold nanoparticles were used to develop sensors and biosensors, as they have good conductibility and improved electrocatalytical capacity, are biocompatible and modifying the electrode is quite easy [ 33 , 54 , 55 ]. The Ty enzyme provides detection selectivity in multicomponent solutions [ 49 ].…”

“…Then the biosensor was kept at room temperature to dry, for 5 min, in a desiccant. The CNF-GNP-Ty/SPE biosensor was kept at a temperature of 4 °C in a desiccant until it was used [ 49 ].…”

A sustainable amperometric biosensor for the analysis of ascorbic, benzoic, gallic and kojic acids through catechol detection. Innovation and signal processing

“…Enzymatic biosensors have largely demonstrated excellent analytical applicability for the detection of targets that are involved either as substrates or inhibitors in the enzymatic reaction in which the sensor is based. Specifically, biosensors based on polyphenol oxidase (also called tyrosinase) allow for the determination of phenolic compounds as substrates of this enzyme (such as catechol, phenol, tyrosine and dopamine), [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] as well as a number of inhibitors (such as benzoic acid among others). [10][11][12][13] Different strategies have been reported for the construction of this sort of biosensors, mainly involving the immobilization of the enzyme by distinct approaches.…”

Disposable Capacitive Biosensor for Dopamine Sensing

“…The prepared Tyr biosensor showed good detection performance towards dopamine compared to previously reported sensors and biosensors (Table 1). [13–32] …”

“…A detailed discussion of Tyr catalyzed dopamine oxidation reaction has been provided in later sections. Several kinds of functionalized electrochemical sensors [24–30] and biosensors [31,32] were also reported for dopamine screening, however, the detection limits of fabricated electrodes were found to be high (Table 1). [13–32] …”