“…fossil fuels [1,2]. Due to the side effects associated with the consumption of these energy sources, such as energy exhaustion, limited resources, and negative effects on the environment [3][4][5], the performance of existing energy conversion technologies must be improved [6][7][8][9] and/or replace this type of energy with renewable energies [10][11][12], such as solar energy [13][14][15], biomass energy [16][17][18], geothermal energy [19,20], ocean energy [21,22], and wind energy [23,24]. Because of the problems associated with wastewater discharge, its treatment is important from both an environmental perspective and from a water shortage perspective [25].…”