Development of a Novel Integrated Strengthening and Sensing Methodology for Steel Structures Using CNT-Based Composites

Ahmed, Shafique; Doshi, Sagar M.; Schumacher, Thomas; Thostenson, Erik T.; McConnell, Jennifer

doi:10.1061/(asce)st.1943-541x.0001697

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For example, damage in fiber composite materials can be monitored by dispersing carbon nanotubes in them [39][40][41][42]. CNT-based sensors have also been used for monitoring interfacial integrity between substrate and adherents [43][44][45].…”

Section: Carbon Nanotube (Cnt)-based Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The exact thermoresistive response depends on the sensor as well as the substrate to which it is bonded, and the temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) for these sensors is typically smaller than a traditional resistive strain gauge. Because the sensor is both thin and flexible, it can be readily embedded into the adhesive bondline of a metal-composite structural repair [45,46]. The sensor is also low-cost, as commercially available CNTs are localized on the fabric carrier surface requiring a minimal quantity of CNTs.…”

Section: Fiber-based Cnt Distributed Sensing Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fabric acts as a carrier for the electrically conductive sensing network, which has been utilized as a sensor in the bondline of metal–composite hybrid structures in the authors′ prior work. This prior work focused on utilizing this sensor to monitor strain [ 38 , 45 ] and debonding in the adhesive layer between a metal substrate and an FRP sheet [ 45 ]. Dai, et al [ 38 ] demonstrated the repeatability and sensitivity under tensile loading conditions, and also examined the influence of manufacturing on the response of these sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Evaluation of a Carbon Nanotube Sensor for Fatigue Crack Monitoring of Metal Structures

Ahmed

Schumacher

Thostenson

et al. 2020

Sensors

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This article describes research that investigated the ability of a carbon nanotube (CNT) sensor to detect and monitor fatigue crack initiation and propagation in metal structures. The sensor consists of a nonwoven carrier fabric with a thin film of CNT that is bonded to the surface of a structure using an epoxy adhesive. The carrier fabric enables the sensor to be easily applied over large areas with complex geometries. Furthermore, the distributed nature of the sensor improves the probability of detecting crack initiation and enables monitoring of crack propagation over time. Piezoresistivity of the sensor enables strains to be monitored in real time and the sensor, which is designed to fragment as fatigue cracks propagate, directly measures crack growth through permanent changes in resistance. The following laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the sensor: (1) continuous crack propagation monitoring, (2) potential false positive evaluation under near-threshold crack propagation conditions, and (3) crack re-initiation detection at a crack-stop hole, which is a commonly used technique to arrest fatigue cracks. Real-time sensor measurements and post-mortem fractography show that a distinguishable resistance change of the sensor occurs due to fatigue crack propagation that can be quantitatively related to crack length. The sensor does not show false positive responses when the crack does not propagate, which is a drawback of many other fatigue sensors. The sensor is also shown to be remarkably sensitive to detecting crack re-initiation.

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Section: Carbon Nanotube (Cnt)-based Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fiber-based Cnt Distributed Sensing Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Evaluation of a Carbon Nanotube Sensor for Fatigue Crack Monitoring of Metal Structures

Ahmed

Schumacher

Thostenson

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…Therefore, researchers have explored direct hybridization techniques such as chemical vapor deposition (CVD) [ 10 , 11 ], spray coating [ 12 , 13 ], and dip coating [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Thostenson et al [ 10 ] studied the influence of carbon nanotubes grown on carbon fibers using carbon vapor deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zhang and coworkers [ 12 , 13 ] utilized a spray coating technique to disperse carbon nanotubes into carbon and glass fiber composites to enable sensing capabilities. Dip coating has been used by researchers to deposit carbon nanotubes on non-woven fabrics to create sensing skins for strain sensing, monitoring fatigue cracks, and damage detection in joints [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. While spray coating and dip coating are facile and cost effective, they do not offer the tailorability and control over the deposition of carbon nanotubes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hierarchical Composites with Electrophoretically Deposited Carbon Nanotubes for In Situ Sensing of Deformation and Damage

et al. 2020

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As composites are used increasingly in structural components, novel techniques for detecting micro-scale damage are required. Their nanoscale size and high aspect ratio allow carbon nanotubes to create electrically conductive pathways that enable sensing. In this work, carbon nanotubes are deposited onto glass fabric using electrophoretic deposition to create hierarchical composites. Polyethylenimine functionalized carbon nanotubes are deposited from an aqueous dispersion using an electric field. Symmetric cross-ply composites are investigated as a model system to demonstrate the ability to detect incipient damage and transverse microcracks. The specimens are subjected to tensile loading, and a resistance increase is observed because of two key mechanisms—A reversible change in nanotube-nanotube tunneling gaps due to elastic straining of the network and a permanent severing of paths in the conducting network due to formation of transverse cracks in the 90° plies. By analyzing the electrical response, the damage state can be identified. Acoustic emission sensors are used to validate the results. The strength and Young’s modulus of the composites with integrated carbon nanotubes are similar to the control specimens. Crack density measurements using edge replication reveal that transverse cracking can be suppressed, demonstrating multi-functionality with improved damage tolerance and integrated sensing.

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Scalable and multifunctional carbon nanotube-based textile as distributed sensors for flow and cure monitoring

Dai

Thostenson

2020

Carbon

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Development of a Novel Integrated Strengthening and Sensing Methodology for Steel Structures Using CNT-Based Composites

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Performance Evaluation of a Carbon Nanotube Sensor for Fatigue Crack Monitoring of Metal Structures

Performance Evaluation of a Carbon Nanotube Sensor for Fatigue Crack Monitoring of Metal Structures

Hierarchical Composites with Electrophoretically Deposited Carbon Nanotubes for In Situ Sensing of Deformation and Damage

Scalable and multifunctional carbon nanotube-based textile as distributed sensors for flow and cure monitoring

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