Development of a Novel Spectrophotometric Method Based on Diazotization- Coupling Reaction for Determination of Bisphenol A

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial material which can lead to endocrine disorders. In this work, a simple and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of BPA using diazotizationcoupling reaction was presented. To achieve the best performance of the developed method, the experimental parameters were optimized in terms of reagent concentration, reaction time, pH, and temperature. Under the optimal conditions, the absorbance increased linearly with the increasing concentration of BPA in the range of 0.16-10.4 μg mL-1 with the correlation coefficient of 0.9991 and the detection limit of 0.05 μg mL-1. Results achieved with the spectrophotometric method were compared with those obtained using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. The proposed method was successfully applied to determine BPA in milk and water bottle samples and satisfactory results were obtained, which make it very suitable for routine analysis of BPA in quality control laboratories.

Simultaneous laccase production and transformation of bisphenol-A and triclosan using Trametes versicolor

“…13.83 mg BPA/g paper was found as the average valve of BPA concentration for the ten selected samples. Xu et al (2016) determined the BPA concentration by a spectrophotometric technique using diazotization-coupling reaction and then also with the HPLC method. 0.5-4 ng mL − 1 concentration of BPA was detected in the water extracted samples of three brands of baby bottles.…”

A Simple and Effective Liquid-Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Method with Ultraviolet Spectrophotometric Detection for the Determination of Bisphenol A in Aqueous Matrices and Plastic Leachates

“…Several authors [7][8][9][10] who study the presence of interferents are especially careful with the presence of humic acid, a component that may be present in environmental samples in the 0 to 10 mg L −1 range. Other studies [11][12][13] evaluate the presence of other compounds in the sample, such as BPA analogs. We must note that all studies that evaluate interferents were conducted using a univariate approach.…”

“…However, the separation methods, although very relevant, usually present high cost of acquisition and maintenance when compared with spectrometric methods. Considering the UV-Vis spectrophotometry methods, all the searched articles 11,14,15 report the use of the visible region, displacing the wavelength of maximum absorption of BPA through different mechanisms. The paper by Xu et al 14 uses the interaction of BPA with gold nanoparticles coated with cysteamine, allowing the determination of BPA at 680 nm.…”

“…Yıldırım et al 15 performed the preconcentration of BPA based on its complexation with colorimetric reagent (3-methylamino-7-dimethylaminophenothiazin-5-ium chloride in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide), by cloud point extraction, enabling its measurement at 643 nm. The last alternative method to determine BPA by spectrophotometry, developed by Xu et al, 11 is based on the diazotization reaction of BPA with sulfamethoxazole, detecting a maximum absorbance at 445 nm. The limits of detection obtained by the authors in these methods were 0.11 μg L −1 for Xu et al, 14 0.35 μg L −1 for Yildirin et al 15 and 50 μg L −1 for Xu et al 11 In this scenario, this study proposes the development of a novel low-cost analytical method for BPA determination in aqueous samples applying a very simple sample preparation procedure based on solvent extraction followed by a back-extraction of the analyte into an aqueous alkaline microvolume (liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction), and detection using an inexpensive and highly available UV-Vis spectrophotometer (LLLME-UV).…”

“…The last alternative method to determine BPA by spectrophotometry, developed by Xu et al, 11 is based on the diazotization reaction of BPA with sulfamethoxazole, detecting a maximum absorbance at 445 nm. The limits of detection obtained by the authors in these methods were 0.11 μg L −1 for Xu et al, 14 0.35 μg L −1 for Yildirin et al 15 and 50 μg L −1 for Xu et al 11 In this scenario, this study proposes the development of a novel low-cost analytical method for BPA determination in aqueous samples applying a very simple sample preparation procedure based on solvent extraction followed by a back-extraction of the analyte into an aqueous alkaline microvolume (liquid-liquid-liquid microextraction), and detection using an inexpensive and highly available UV-Vis spectrophotometer (LLLME-UV). Optimization of extraction and back-extraction variables were carried out, and a multivariate approach was performed for the first time to study the effect of the concomitant presence of humic acid, phenols and phthalate esters in two different BPA concentration levels.…”