Development of a petrographic classification of fly-ash components from coal combustion and co-combustion. (An ICCP Classification System, Fly-Ash Working Group – Commission III.)

Suárez‐Ruíz, Isabel; Valentim, Bruno; Borrego, Ángeles G.; Bouzinos, A.; Flores, Deolinda; Kalaitzidis, Stavros; Malinconico, MaryAnn L.; Marques, Marco Antonio; Misz‐Kennan, Magdalena; Predeanu, Georgeta; Montes, Jacqueline; Rodrigues, Sandra; Siavalas, G.; Wagner, Nicola J.

doi:10.1016/j.coal.2017.06.004

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…This process also explains the relatively higher total S content of the studied FA samples. Even though the petrographic features of studied FA and BA samples were not examined in detail, inorganic fractions (mineroids and nonmineroids, as classified in the ICCP nomenclature) are commonly observed during SEM studies (Suárez-Ruiz et al, 2017). Glassy materials and Fe-oxides are the most common inorganic fractions in the FA and BA samples, whereas unaffected coal particles were also rarely observed in some FA and BA samples during SEM studies ( Figures 5 and 6).…”

Section: Mineralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy and geochemistry of feed coals and combustion residues of the Kangal power plant (Sivas, Turkey)

Karayi̇ǧi̇t¹,

Oskay²,

Gayer³

2019

Turkish J Earth Sci

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This study focuses on mineralogical and geochemical compositions of feed coal (FC) and combustion residues, namely fly ash (FA) and bottom ash (BA) samples, obtained from the Kangal coal-fired power plant in central Turkey. The X-ray powder diffraction data indicate that carbonate and clay minerals are dominant phases in the FC samples. In the FA samples, quartz, hematite, anhydrite, lime, and feldspar are generally dominant and abundant phases, whereas calcite, ettringite, and portlandite are generally more abundant in the BA samples. The elements Mo, Cs, and U are significantly enriched in the studied FC, FA, and BA samples. The statistical analysis and SEM-EDX data show that Ca, Ti, and the vast majority of trace elements are inorganically affiliated, and only Tl and U have probable organic affinity in the FC. In addition, the redox conditions in the paleomires presumably resulting in Mo and U enrichment in FC, whereas their enrichment in FA and BA is most likely related to retention by CaO and Ca-sulfate. The Cs enrichment in FA is due to retention by glass. The elements in the FA and BA are distinguished into four groups according to their volatility during combustion. The elements As, Mo, Cd, Tl, and U (Group I) are the most volatile elements during combustion and condensation in the FA. The elements Li, Zn, Ga, Rb, Nb, Cs, Ba, La, and Pb (Group IV) did not become more volatile or less volatile during combustion and are located in BA. Nevertheless, Zn and Pb in the BA seem to be related to the presence of unaffected pyrite and sphalerite, and are due to low combustion efficiency of the boiler during the sampling period. Overall, enriched elements and minerals in FA and BA suggest that their disposal should be undertaken with caution.

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Section: Mineralmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogy and geochemistry of feed coals and combustion residues of the Kangal power plant (Sivas, Turkey)

Karayi̇ǧi̇t¹,

Oskay²,

Gayer³

2019

Turkish J Earth Sci

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“…The preparations were subjected to microscopic analysis using a Zeiss Axio Imager M2m microscope in polarized white reflected light using immersion oil. The tests were carried out in accordance with the classification of the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) (Suárez-Ruiz et al 2008, 2017 and allowed such components as: inorganic compounds, metals, non-metals, mineral matter, sinters, sand grains, and organic components, to be determined.…”

Section: Research Materials and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quality of wood pellets used in automatic class 5 Ecodesign boilers on the retail market in the context of air protection in Poland

Jach-Nocoń

Nocoń

Mirowski

et al. 2019

Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal

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Wood pellets, commonly referred to as biomass fuel, are increasingly used in heating and district heating in the European Union countries, including Poland. Their use in class 5 and/or Ecodesign boilers enables an individual consumer to use energy from renewable sources, reduce the environmental burden by reducing the emission of harmful compounds, and provides a sense of comfort by automating the boiler system. The article presents the current situation in the global wood pellet market, describes the basic quality standards applicable to this fuel during production, and indicates the difficulties in the implementation of programs co-financing the replacement of obsolete coal-fired boilers with automatic class 5 biomass-fired boilers. The research presented in this article is focused on the presence of contaminants in the DIN Plus, EN Plus, and A1 pellets, as well as in non-certified pellets. The analysis has shown that the use of wood pellets containing 128 prohibited substances negatively affects boiler operation and contributes to the formation of slag and the emission of harmful compounds, making the discussed fuel non-ecological.

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“…Maceral analysis and vitrinite reflectance were completed on the coal samples in accordance with ISO (ISO 7404-3:2009, n.d and ISO 7404-5:2009, n.d). The ash samples were analyzed using the ICCP classification (Lester et al, 2010;Suárez-Ruiz et al, 2017) in reflected white light using a 500× objective and immersion oil.…”

Section: Samples and Analytical Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, the dominant components are fragments (Table 5). Other common forms in the examined samples with a Table 5 Char forms using ICCP classification (Lester et al, 2010, Suárez et al, 2017 composition of fly ash (FA1-FA5) and bottom ash (BA1) and slag (S2-S8) (vol%). relatively large share are spheres and networks (Fig.…”

Section: The Petrographic Analysis Of Fly Ash Bottom Ash and Slagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrographic composition of coals and products of coal combustion from the selected combined heat and power plants (CHP) and heating plants in Upper Silesia, Poland

Mirkowski

Jelonek

2019

International Journal of Coal Geology

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Coal samples and by-products resulting from the combustion process collected from seven combined heat and power (CHP) plants and heating plants located in Upper Silesia, southern Poland, were subjected to petrographic analysis. The coal used as a fuel in these plants was collected from mines of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin; it occurs in a wide range of coalification and has variable quality parameters. The coal is dominated by macerals from the vitrinite group; however, a high content of macerals from the inertinite group has also been observed. Based on petrographic analysis of ash and slags, a highly variable mineral matter content, confirming variable combustion efficiency, has been found. In the case of samples collected from large CHP plants with pulverized and fluidized bed boilers, the mineral matter content is high. The share of mineral matter in combustion products clearly decreases in the case of smaller power plants and heating plants, especially those using grate boilers. The increased content of unburned coal can be explained by the fact that coals of higher rank are often used as fuels in the mentioned plants. The greatest diversity of char forms can be observed in the case of samples collected from small CHP plants. In the case of three samples of slag, collected from small heating plants using grate boilers, additional presence of coke, thermally altered, and unaltered coal has also been found.

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Development of a petrographic classification of fly-ash components from coal combustion and co-combustion. (An ICCP Classification System, Fly-Ash Working Group – Commission III.)

Abstract: Development of a petrographic classification of fly-ash components from coal combustion and co-combustion. (An ICCP Classification System, Fly-Ash Working Group-Commission III.

Cited by 39 publications

References 59 publications

Mineralogy and geochemistry of feed coals and combustion residues of the Kangal power plant (Sivas, Turkey)

Mineralogy and geochemistry of feed coals and combustion residues of the Kangal power plant (Sivas, Turkey)

The quality of wood pellets used in automatic class 5 Ecodesign boilers on the retail market in the context of air protection in Poland

Petrographic composition of coals and products of coal combustion from the selected combined heat and power plants (CHP) and heating plants in Upper Silesia, Poland

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