Development of a practical outcome measure to account for individual differences in quality-of-life appraisal: the Brief Appraisal Inventory

Rapkin, Bruce D.; Garcia, Iliana; Michael, Wesley; Zhang, Jie; Schwartz, Carolyn E.

doi:10.1007/s11136-017-1722-2

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Cognitive appraisal processes underlying responses to the patient‐reported outcomes were assessed using the Brief Appraisal Inventory © , a 23‐item Likert‐scaled measure that describes individual differences in what respondents think about when completing a QOL measure. This is similar to Sirgy's meta‐cognitive component of well‐being.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive emotions despite substantial burden: The alchemy of haemophilia caregiving

et al. 2019

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Introduction: Qualitative interviews when developing the haemophilia caregiver impact measure © (HCI) documented the importance of capturing the positive aspects of caregiving, not just the negative. Aim: The present study thus investigates the construct underlying the positive emotions HCI subscale and tests models proposing a more comprehensive way of thinking about this construct. Methods: Secondary analysis was implemented on longitudinal web-based survey data (n = 323) from haemophilia A or haemophilia B caregivers. Person-reported outcomes (PROs) included the HCI, the PROMIS-10 and Ryff psychological well-being subscales. Predictors included caregiver demographics; patient haemophilia characteristics; exercise; adherence; and quality-of-life (QOL) appraisal processes as measured by the brief appraisal inventory (BAI) which yields composite scores assessing awareness of challenges, fulfillment and growth, stay positive, social comparison and interpersonal problem-solving. Second-order factor analysis, structural equation modelling and residual modelling were implemented. Results: A structural equation model fit the data well that contained bifactor representation of well-being with a general factor comprised of environmental mastery, positive relations with others, physical functioning and emotional functioning. Positive emotions was modelled as a component of well-being, with a unique component ('Alchemy') characterized by its associations with stay positive, and awareness of challenges appraisals, and difficulty paying bills. Alchemy had positive linear relationships with the first two, and a positive quadratic relationship with difficulty paying bills. Conclusions: Adopting positive-focused ways of thinking about one's life limitations may transform the negatives of haemophilia caregiving into something positive. Such cognitive habits reflect an awareness and acceptance of the limitations imposed by haemophilia caregiving. K E Y W O R D S appraisal, burden, caregiver, cognitive, haemophilia, positive, well-being | 87 SCHWARTZ eT Al.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive emotions despite substantial burden: The alchemy of haemophilia caregiving

et al. 2019

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“…49 Recent work on the development of practical appraisal measures enables the direct study of these response-shift effects over time. 47,48 Appraisal was discussed above as the cognitive process that mediates a response shift. The most comprehensive method for assessing appraisal is the QOL Appraisal Profile (QOLAP).…”

Section: One Size Does Not Fit All: the Importance Of Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…48 Finally, the Brief Appraisal Inventory contains 23 closed-ended items to assess higher-order constructs reflecting these 4 appraisal processes. 47 These tools have been tested and used to assess response shift in empirical studies of approximately 7000 people with chronic illness (HIV, multiple sclerosis, spinal surgery, rare diseases, and bladder cancer). 55 These appraisal studies illustrate how appraisal assessment facilitates the interpretation of QOL change over time, and understanding the backstory of treatment outcomes.…”

Section: One Size Does Not Fit All: the Importance Of Appraisalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient-reported outcomes in spine surgery: past, current, and future directions

Finkelstein

Schwartz

2019

Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine

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The purpose of this article is to review the current state of outcome measurement in spine surgery, with an emphasis on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The commonly used generic and disease-specific outcome measures used in spinal surgery and research will be discussed. The authors will introduce the concepts of response shift and appraisal processes, which may affect the face validity of PROMs, as well as their interpretation over time. It is not uncommon for there to be a discrepancy between the observed and expected outcome, which is not wholly explainable by objective measures. Current work on understanding how appraisal affects outcome measurement will be discussed, and future directions will be suggested to facilitate the continued evolution of PROMs.There has been an evolution in the way clinicians measure outcomes following spinal surgery. In moving from purely physical, objective measures to a growing emphasis on the patient’s perspective, spine surgery outcomes are better able to integrate the impact at multiple levels of relevant change. Appraisal concepts and methods are gaining traction as ways to understand the cognitive processes underlying PROMs over time. Measurement of appraisal is a valuable adjunct to the current spine outcome tools.

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“…Response shift research using the direct assessment of appraisal [19,20] focuses on individual-level change in how respondents think about QOL and has revealed important differences in health outcomes and resilience over time [21][22][23][24][25][26]. This approach enables a descriptive understanding of adaptation processes, and can point to useful directions for clinical intervention.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach enables a descriptive understanding of adaptation processes, and can point to useful directions for clinical intervention. Recent developments of practical measures of appraisal processes allow for individual-level analysis that characterizes the underlying cognitive processes connoted by responseshift effects [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does response shift impact interpretation of change even among scales developed using item response theory?

Schwartz

Stucky

Michael

et al. 2020

J Patient Rep Outcomes

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Background: Response-shift effects impact the interpretation of change in quality-of-life (QOL) measures developed with classical test theory (CTT) methods. This study evaluated the impact of response shift on measures developed using Item Response Theory (IRT), as compared to CTT. Methods: Chronically ill patients and caregivers (n = 1481) participated in a web-based survey at baseline and 17 months later. Patients completed the IRT-based PROMIS-10; NeuroQOL Applied Cognition, Positive Affect & Well-Being short-forms; and the CTT-based Ryff Environmental Mastery subscale. Response-shift effects were evaluated using regression residual modeling and the QOL Appraisal Profile-v2. The sample was divided into positive and negative catalyst groups on the basis of marital, work, job-status, and comorbidity change. Regression models predicted residualized QOL change scores as a function of catalysts and appraisal changes. Results: In this sample 859 (58%) reported a catalyst. No catalyst was associated with change in scales developed using IRT, but positive work change was associated with the CTT-based measure. Catalyst variables were associated with changes in appraisal, which in turn were related to all outcomes, particularly for global mental health after a positive work-change. Conclusions: Appraisal processes are relevant to interpreting IRT measures, particularly for global mental health in the face of life changes.

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Development of a practical outcome measure to account for individual differences in quality-of-life appraisal: the Brief Appraisal Inventory

Cited by 22 publications

References 37 publications

Positive emotions despite substantial burden: The alchemy of haemophilia caregiving

Positive emotions despite substantial burden: The alchemy of haemophilia caregiving

Patient-reported outcomes in spine surgery: past, current, and future directions

Does response shift impact interpretation of change even among scales developed using item response theory?

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