Background and Purpose-Very few studies have assessed the association of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol with stroke risk among patients with type 2 diabetes. We aimed to investigate the association of HDL cholesterol with total and type-specific stroke risk in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods-We performed a retrospective cohort study of 27,113 African Americans and 40,431 whites with type 2 diabetes. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of different levels of HDL cholesterol with stroke risk. Results-During a mean follow-up period of 3.0 years, 8,496 patients developed stroke (8,048 ischemic and 448 hemorrhagic). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios across levels of HDL at baseline (<30 [reference group], 30-39.9, 40-49.9, 50-59.9, 60-69.9, 70-79.9, and ≥80 mg/dL) were 1.00, 0.86, 0.77, 0.71, 0.71, 0.77, and 0.69 (P trend <0.001) for total stroke, 1.00, 0.89, 0.82, 0.75, 0.78, 0.76, and 0.75 (P trend <0.001) for ischemic stroke, and 1.00, 0.89, 0.69, 0.66, 0.47, and 0.94 (P trend =0.021) for hemorrhagic stroke, respectively. When we used an updated mean value of HDL cholesterol, the inverse association of HDL cholesterol with stroke risk did not change. This