Development of a Prototype that Measures the Coefficient of Friction Between Skis and Snow

Miller, Paul; Hytjan, Andy; Weber, Matthew S.; Wheeler, Miles H.; Zable, J. L.; Walshe, Andy; Ashley, Alan

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-46050-5_54

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…Experiments with sled tribometers have been performed at slow speeds due to being pulled by horses [12], or propelled by a spring system [13] with initial velocities of 5 km/h. Recently, the force in the towing cables of a sled travelling at a maximum speed of 14.4 km/h was measured using a load cell to estimate friction force [14]. A similar technique using a spring balance was used in one of the earliest reports on ski-snow friction [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel free-gliding ski tribometer for quantification of ski-snow friction with high precision

Sandberg

Kalliorinne

Hindér

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The nature of snow and the ever-changing environment make measurements of friction on snow and ice challenging. In addition, since this friction is low, the equipment utilised must be highly sensitive. Previous investigations of ski–snow friction have ranged from small-scale model experiments performed in the laboratory to experiments with full-sized skis outdoors. However, few have been conducted under conditions similar to those encountered during actual skiing. Here, we developed a novel sled tribometer which provides highly reproducible coefficient of friction (COF) values for full-sized skis gliding at relevant speeds (approximately 20 km/h) in a controlled indoor environment. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of COF is as low as 0.5 % enable differentiation between the structures and preparations of different ski bases. The continuous recording of speed enable novel investigations of COF variations when skis are allowed to free-glide to a full stop in a natural setting. Different methods of analysing the results are presented which shows that the precision is not a single number, but a function of the range of speeds over which the average COF is calculated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel free-gliding ski tribometer for quantification of ski-snow friction with high precision

Sandberg

Kalliorinne

Hindér

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

A Novel Free-Gliding Ski Tribometer for Quantification of Ski–Snow Friction with High Precision

Sandberg,

Kalliorinne,

Hindér

et al. 2023

Tribol Lett

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The nature of snow and the ever-changing environment makes measuring friction on snow and ice challenging. Additionally, due to the low friction involved, the equipment used must exhibit high sensitivity. Previous investigations of ski–snow friction have ranged from small-scale model experiments performed in the laboratory to experiments with full-sized skis outdoors. However, few have been conducted under conditions similar to those encountered during actual skiing. Here, we present a novel sled tribometer which provides highly reproducible coefficient of friction (COF) values for full-sized skis gliding at relevant speeds (approximately 5.9 m/s) in a controlled indoor environment. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of the COF is as low as 0.5%. The continuous recording of velocity allows for innovative investigations into COF variations when skis are permitted to free-glide in a natural setting. Different methods of analysing the results are presented which shows that the precision is not a single number, but a function of the range of velocities over which the average COF is calculated. Graphical abstract

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Development of a Prototype that Measures the Coefficient of Friction Between Skis and Snow

Cited by 2 publications

References 2 publications

A novel free-gliding ski tribometer for quantification of ski-snow friction with high precision

A novel free-gliding ski tribometer for quantification of ski-snow friction with high precision

A Novel Free-Gliding Ski Tribometer for Quantification of Ski–Snow Friction with High Precision

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