Development of a Raspberry Pi–Based Remote Station Prototype for Coastal Environment Monitoring

Design and implementation of a real-time onboard system for a stratospheric balloon mission using commercial off-the-self components and a model-based approach

“…HERCCULES opted for open-source software to obtain such metrics and, though an overall grade was not provided, a high-quality level was deducted based on ESA recommendations. The obtained MSE for TMU had a value of 0.1 • C, which is better than in an environmental monitoring station with RMSE values of 2.15 [22]. The obtained MSE also surpassed the results of a weather station that obtained an MSE of 0.97 • C for air temperature [23].…”

“…Then, it is necessary to compare HERCCULES with COTS-based applications that quantitatively evaluate similar parameters. The Table 8 includes similar COTS-based research works including different types of applications for measuring environmental conditions, such as a high-altitude balloon [20], an UAV [21], or ground-based weather stations [22,23]. Furthermore, a broader perspective of the architectural solutions was obtained by considering other systems related to the space sector such as the control software system for an instrument deployed in the International Space Station (ISS) [24].…”

“…Secondly, regarding the system architecture, most systems are developed with COTS devices and technology. Specifically, some of the works use a Raspberry Pi as the central OBC because of its powerful features and the support of Linux-based OS [22]. Specifically, Linux-based OS is convenient for applications that require concurrent measurement of environmental parameters as it provides scheduling policies for RTES.…”

“…Firstly, regarding the V&V methodology, the presented work adopted the Analysis (that includes Similarity and Comparison), Inspection, Review-of-design, and Test as recommended by the ECSS-E-ST-10-02C standard. Considering that Comparison is a subset of Analysis, a large part of the related works only use verification by Comparison [21][22][23] because they are low criticality systems, only one related work uses Analysis which is proper for medium criticality systems [20], and in those critical developments used in space applications for onboard instruments [24] the Analysis, Review-of-design and Test methods are adopted using complementary tools, such as Codacy. Based on these works, it can be concluded that the V&V methodology used in HERCCULES is more oriented to critical space systems, and although the system is not critical as such, a validation was carried out with high quality considerations using the SourceMonitor static code analyzer and additional tools that supported automated testing such as g-test.…”

“…Finally, regarding the development methodology, most of the related works are focused on a system level with no importance relative to the validation of software development, so it is not described in [20][21][22][23]. [24] includes the only development that aims at explaining in detail the software architecture due to the criticality of the system, following an Agile paradigm making use of the continuous integration approach.…”