Development of a resistivity standard for polymeric materials used in photovoltaic modules

Kempe, Michael; Miller, David C.; Nobles, Dylan L.; Sakurai, Katsutoshi; Tucker, John; Bokria, Jayesh G.; Shioda, Tsuyoshi; Nanjundiah, Kumar; Yoshihara, Toshio; Birchmier, Jeff; Zubillaga, Oihana; Wohlgemuth, J.

doi:10.1117/12.2189662

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Prior to investigating how the resistivity of Viton is changing while altering various parameters, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of conductivity in insulators. In polymeric insulators with high resistivity, the charged species and polarization of dipole moments are mainly responsible for the electrical conduction [ 53 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The decrease in the current with time can be shown in the form of I(t) = At −m , where A is a constant and m is usually between zero and one [ 61 ]. Therefore, the resistivity keeps increasing after applying the electrical field to the specimen until reaching stable conditions, which might take hours or days [ 53 ]. Since it is not feasible to wait that long for each test, it is recommended to wait about 2 min before measuring the resistivity [ 55 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One common solution to reduce the effects of background current is using the alternating polarity method in which the voltage cycles between positive and negative values. A positive voltage (V) and a negative voltage apply as a cycle for recording the currents ( I 1 , I 2 , I 3 , I 4 , I 5 ) [ 53 , 54 , 55 ]. The weighted averaged current calculation formula is Equation (4):

…”

Section: Experimental Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant transient current ( I 1 ) would be initiated in the first cycle. To improve the measurement accuracy, the first cycle should be excluded from the calculation [ 53 ]. The effective area A of the guarded electrode can be obtained by the following Formula (5):

where g is the distance between the guarded electrode and the ring electrode, and d 1 is the diameter of the guarded electrode.…”

Section: Experimental Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effective area A of the guarded electrode can be obtained by the following Formula (5):

where g is the distance between the guarded electrode and the ring electrode, and d 1 is the diameter of the guarded electrode. Finally, having the value of area A, thickness t, average current I avg , and alternating voltage V with the help of Equation (6) below, one can calculate the volume resistivity ρ [ 53 , 55 ].

…”

Section: Experimental Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Volume Resistivity of Viton Polymer under Thermal Aging

2021

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This study examines the influence of various electrical parameters on the volume resistivity of the Viton fluoroelastomer. The transient current, the temperature dependence of volume resistivity, the voltage dependence of resistivity, and the surface morphology of Viton insulators are investigated for new and aged specimens. An accelerated aging process has been employed in order to simulate the natural aging of insulators in service. A detailed comparison between the new and aged samples is presented. The transient effect, which is a challenge to the resistivity measurement of insulators, has been investigated. The first 60 s of the resistivity measurement test showed a significant influence from the transient effect and should be excluded from the data. The volume resistivity of both new and aged samples decreased when the temperature increased. However, the resistivity of the aged sample was lower than the new one at all tested temperatures. When the temperature increased from 35 to 190 °C, resistivity decreased from 4.77 × 1010 to 6.99 × 108 Ω-cm for the new sample and from 2.6 × 1010 to 6.68 × 108 Ω-cm for the aged sample under 500 V. Additionally, the results from this study showed that the volume resistivity is inversely proportional to the applied voltage. Finally, scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs/images allowed us to closely examine the surface morphology of new and aged Viton samples. The surface of aged samples has been recognized with higher surface roughness and more significant surface cracks leading to poor performance under high voltage applications.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

…”

Section: Experimental Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

where g is the distance between the guarded electrode and the ring electrode, and d 1 is the diameter of the guarded electrode.…”

Section: Experimental Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effective area A of the guarded electrode can be obtained by the following Formula (5):