Development of a seaweed derived platelet activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) inhibitory hydrolysate, synthesis of inhibitory peptides and assessment of their toxicity using the Zebrafish larvae assay

Algal Proteins: Extraction, Application, and Challenges Concerning Production

“…Anti-inflammatory peptides have been isolated from microalgae, such as Chlorella 11-peptide derived from C. pyrenoidosa [225], as well as peptides derived from A. maxima (Leu-Asp-Ala-Val-Asn-Arg and Met-Met-Leu-Asn-Phe), which were additionally reported to display anti-atherosclerosis bioactivity [226,227]. Similarly, anti-atherosclerosis peptides have also been isolated from P. palmata and were shown to be non-toxic in Zebrafish at a concentration of 1 mg/mL [228]. …”

The value of zebrafish as an integrative model in effect-directed analysis - a review

“…Natural product studies aimed to identify bioactive compounds for pharmacological applications, investigating mostly plant extracts [19,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] but also extracts of bacteria [46], cyanobacteria and algae [47], seaweed [48] and marine organisms [49]. Environmental toxicology studies aimed to identify the toxic compounds in various environmental samples, including marine and fluvial sediments [50][51][52], soil [53], cyanobacteria and algae [54,55], industrial effluent [33], rubber tyre leachates [32], oil sand process waters [56,57] and river pore water [58].…”

“…dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), in concentrations ranging from 0.01% [35], 0.1% [31,45], 0.2% [26], 0.5% [46,47], 1% [33,[48][49][50] up to 2% [51]. In addition, ethanol was also used as a carrier by a few studies, in concentrations of 0.001% for experiments with larvae [40,41] or 0.435% for experiments with zebrafish adults [42].…”

“…The two TIE studies reported inconsistent acute toxicity of industrial effluents [33] and rubber tyre leachates [32]. One study investigating seaweed hydrolysates evaluated in vivo toxic potential through acute toxicity testing [48]. It may be summarized that EDA studies that focused on acute toxicity and lethality had only modest success in determining active compounds.…”

“…For Environmental toxicology Sediment extracts [50], industrial effluents [33], rubber tyre leachates [32], oil sand process waters [57] Natural products Cyanobacteria and algae extracts [47], seaweed hydrolysates [48] Acute and developmental toxicity Lethal and morphological endpoints Environmental toxicology Sediment extracts [51], soil extracts [53], microalgae extracts [54], cyanobacteria extracts [55], river pore water extract [58] Natural products Bacteria extracts [46] Developmental toxicity Phenotypic endpoints Natural products Plant extracts [41] Anti-or pro-angiogenesis ISV formation and/or function in wild-type or fli1:EGFP zebrafish Natural products Plant extracts [19,[36][37][38][42][43][44] Anti-angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory ISV outgrowth in fli1:EGFP, leukocyte migration after tail transection Natural products Plant extracts [40] Glucose uptake Uptake of fluorescein-tagged glucose bioprobe…”