Development of a Second Generation In-Flight Icing Simulation Code

Abstract

Two-dimensional and quasi-3D in-flight ice accretion simulation codes have been widely used by the aerospace industry for the last two decades as an aid to the certification process. The present paper proposes an efficient numerical method for calculating ice shapes on simple or complex 3D geometries. The resulting ice simulation system, FENSAP-ICE, is built in a modular fashion to successively solve each flow, impingement and accretion via field models based on partial differential equations (PDEs). The FENSAP-ICE system results are compared to other numerical and experimental results on 2D and slightly complex 3D geometries. It is concluded that FENSAP-ICE gives results in agreement with other code calculation results, for the geometries available in the open literature.

Ice Accretion Modeling Using an Eulerian Approach for Droplet Impingement

“…It is found that the deviation between the two approaches grows with increased angles of attack. Similar discrepancies have been reported by Kinzel et al 20 and Beaugendre et al 23 in their comparisons between FENCAP-ICE and LEWICE. For the  =4 deg.…”

FENSAP-ICE: Analytical Model for Spatial and Temporal Evolution of In-Flight Icing Roughness

“…Following such an approach, roughness effects are taken into account via a correction based on a length scale related to the aforementioned equivalent sand-grain height. Even assuming a constant value in space and time, the proper choice of this value has a significant impact on the ice shape prediction, as demonstrated in [10]. The use of a more realistic value, that varies in both space and time, is thus expected to offer a significant departure from empiricism.…”

“…The present modeling effort is fully integrated into the FENSAP-ICE system [10]. In FENSAP-ICE, both the external flowfield and the droplet flow are computed via an Eulerian approach and a finite element discretization on a 3-D computational grid.…”

“…The terms affected by roughness are the same as for the energy equation. Compatibility relations are needed to close the system, as described in [10].…”

Numerical Validation of Conjugate Heat Transfer Method for Anti-/De-Icing Piccolo System

“…An element-based finite volume method is used to compute heat and mass balances in the liquid film. The velocity of the water in the film is assumed to be linear so pressure and gravity effects are neglected [25]. By averaging across the thickness of the film h f , the mass conservation and energy conservation equations becomes:…”