Development of a Simple Nonbiological Method for Converting Lignin-Derived Aromatics into Nonaromatic Polymeric Substances with Fluorescent Activity

Abstract

We recently reported that Pseudomonas sp. ITH-SA-1 can transform the lignin-derived aromatic compound syringaldehyde (SYAL) into nonaromatic polymeric substances with fluorescent activity (NAPSFA). NAPSFA are particularly rare organic substances that fluoresce despite the absence of aromatic rings. In this study, we developed a simple method for producing NAPSFA using a nonbiological process. Incubation of the SYAL metabolite 3-O-methyl gallate (3-MGA) produced by Pseudomonas sp. ITH-SA-1 with Marine Broth (MB) or Luria−Bertani broth (LB) produced fluorescence even in the absence of bacteria, suggesting that fluorescent substances were produced from 3-MGA by a nonbiological process. 3-MGA reacted with tryptone and peptone, which are the primary nitrogen and phosphate sources in MB and LB, to produce the fluorescent substances. The fluorescent substances produced by the reaction of 3-MGA with tryptone exhibited excitation and emission peaks at 370 and 505 nm, respectively, which are nearly identical to those of NAPSFA (365/498 nm). The average molecular weight of the fluorescent substances (4.2 kDa) was lower than that of NAPSFA (7.2 kDa). ATR-FTIR and NMR analyses revealed that the molecules contained no aromatic rings, similar to NAPSFA. Our results demonstrate that nonaromatic fluorescent substances can be synthesized via a simple chemical reaction.

New insights into the autofluorescence properties of cellulose/nanocellulose

“…Mechanism of fluorescence properties of nano/cellulose. It is well known that lignin has natural fluorescence properties 18,19 . In order to verify that the fluorescence properties of nano/cellulose in the wavelength range of 500-600 nm were independent of lignin, the fluorescence spectrum of high purity (Cellulose content ≥ 99.9%) BC was investigated, as shown in Fig.…”