Development of a simulation model considering vegetation growth and flushing in Arakawa River

Sanjaya

2017

River Research & Apps

The vegetation cover in the steep, gravelly reaches of rivers was originally low. However, significant vegetation colonization can currently be observed in these riparian areas, and understanding the cause of this colonization is important for management. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of sediment deposition and erosion on vegetation colonization in gravel bed rivers. The delay in colonization by herbs and trees after sediment deposition or erosion was investigated using aerial photos of 6 Japanese rivers. A field study was conducted before and after a large flood at depositional and erosional locations. The colonization of vegetation after flushing was substantially delayed at sites where gravels were deposited compared with that at erosional sites, and it was faster in sandy reaches compared with gravelly reaches. Little tree colonization was observed at the depositional sites of gravelly sediments, whereas at erosional sites, new shoots sprouted from the collapsed live trees in the following spring, achieving a rapid increase in tree density. The nutrient and moisture contents of the sediment were significantly higher at the erosional sites. Gravels are deposited after washing and being segregated from fine sediment during floods. This coarse-sediment layer is low in moisture and nutrients compared with the erosional sites, at which the underlying sediments are exposed by flooding. However, moisture and nutrients are the primary requirements for vegetation colonization. Therefore, the reduction in gravelly sediments due to gravel mining, river regulation, and modification of river basins can have a substantial effect on vegetation colonization.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of the shortage of gravel sediment in midstream river channels on riparian vegetation cover

Sanjaya

2017

River Research & Apps

“…The alterations observed in riparian trees by hydro-morphological alterations and climate changes provided researchers with evidence to be used for developing numerical models [36,37]. Different mathematical and process-based approaches were used to express vegetative succession in a riparian area [38][39][40] and for growth and yield simulation, planning, decision making, and efficient forest management [41][42][43]. However, coupling of all the interacting parameters with riparian vegetation growth once at a time in a single mathematical model is a tedious task.…”

Section: Model Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanism of Riparian Vegetation Growth and Sediment Transport Interaction in Floodplain: A Dynamic Riparian Vegetation Model (DRIPVEM) Approach

Baniya

Fujino

et al. 2019

Water

Self Cite

The ecological dynamics of riparian areas interact with sediment transport in river systems, which plays an active role in riparian vegetation growth in the floodplain. The fluvial dynamics, hydraulics, hydro-meteorological and geomorphological characteristics of rivers are associated with sediment transport in river systems and around the riparian area. The flood disturbance, sediment with nutrients and seeds transported by river, sediment deposition, and erosion phenomena in the floodplain change the bare land area to vegetation area and vice versa. The difference in riparian vegetation area in the river floodplain is dependent on the sediment grain size distribution which is deposited in the river floodplain. Mathematical models describing vegetation growth in a short period exist in literature, but long-term modelling and validations are still lacking. In order to cover long-term vegetation growth modelling, a Dynamic Riparian Vegetation Model (DRIPVEM) was proposed. This paper highlights the existing modelling technique of DRIPVEM coupled with a Dynamic Herbaceous Model used to establish the interactive relationship of sediment grain sizes and riparian vegetation in the floodplain.

“…Azami et al [14] Asaeda et al [15] and Sekine et al [16] reported that P. japonica is the most common plant on the Arakawa River bank, and Kang, Kang [17] showed that P. japonica is also the most common plant in riverine wetlands in South Korea which is perennial grass and it can breed in water side of a mountain valley, river bank, and so on. The width of the leaf is 1.5-2 cm, and flower blossoms between September and October.…”

Section: Plant Propagule Collection From Study Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the performance of floodplainPhragmites japonicaunder nutrient stress condition

Sarkar

Wang

et al. 2015

Chemistry and Ecology

Self Cite

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth, nutrient uptake, and inoculation effectiveness on Phragmites japonica. Spores of AMF strains (Gigaspora margarita Becker & Hall) were collected from the commercial product 'Serakinkon'. Four treatments, namely, natural soil (NS), natural soil inoculated by AM fungi, sterilised soil (SS) inoculated by AM fungi, and SS without AM fungi inoculation were selected to determine the effects of applied and indigenous AMF on P. japonica. The average colonisation level of P. japonica was 24-33%, whereas no colonisation was found in the SS. AMF colonisation increased the chlorophyll content (r = 0.84, p < .01), plant dry mass (r = 0.89, p < .01), and N, P, K, Mg, and Fe concentration of the plant's roots, stems, and leaves when AMF was applied with natural and SS. In all cases, maximum values were found when the plants were applied with NS in combination with AMF, but Ca concentration decreased as the colonisation level increased. Mn concentration decreased in the roots, but increased in the leaves. Cu concentration was not significantly affected by treatments. N-loss minimisation from the soil was significant when the colonisation level was high.