Development of a small animal PET imaging device with resolution approaching 1 mm

Correia, John A.; Burnham, C.A.; Kaufman, D.; Fischman, Alan J.

doi:10.1109/23.775590

Cited by 64 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It is not at all clear whether we are close to reaching the highest resolution possible for small animal PET. Most current systems are based on scintillators with individual detector elements as small as 0.8 to 1 mm in cross section (Tai et al 2003, Correia et al 1999, Miyaoka et al 2001. These detectors have reported resolutions ranging from 0.8 to 1.25 mm which can be directly related to the size of the detector elements with additional effects due to light production and collection, inter-crystal scatter and electronic multiplexing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples include research to understand and minimize the scatter from one detector element to the next, usually with the focus on dense scintillator materials such as BGO (Levin et al 1997, Shao et al 1996, Burnham et al 1990, Thompson 1990). Other groups have studied energy discrimination or novel light collection schemes to improve spatial resolution (del Guerra et al 1998, Levin 2002, Correia et al 1999.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-resolution PET detector design: modelling components of intrinsic spatial resolution

2004

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The development of dedicated small animal PET (positron emission tomography) scanners has led to significantly higher spatial resolution and comparable sensitivity to clinical scanners. However, it is not clear whether we are approaching the fundamental limit of spatial resolution. This work aims to understand what is currently limiting spatial resolution during data formation and collection and how to apply that knowledge to obtain the best possible resolution for small animal PET without sacrificing sensitivity. Monte Carlo simulations were performed of the interactions of a 511 keV photon in a variety of detector materials to evaluate the modulation transfer function of the materials. Positron range, non-colinearity and pixel size were modelled to determine the contribution of additional components of data formation and collection on the complete modulation transfer function of a PET system. These simulations are shown to predict the intrinsic detector resolution of current high resolution systems very well. They also show that current detectors are not limited by inter-crystal scatter. An intrinsic resolution of 0.5 mm can be achieved, but would require a detector with a pixel size of around 250 µm that can be read out unambiguously. It is shown that a range of different detector materials, both scintillators and semiconductors, can be used in these high-resolution detectors. While this design relies on thin (∼3 mm) pieces of material, stacks of the material are shown to simultaneously provide spatial resolution near 0.5 mm and 60% efficiency. This work has shown that detectors with significantly better resolution and sensitivity can be developed for small animal PET applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution PET detector design: modelling components of intrinsic spatial resolution

2004

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“…During the past decades, we developed a number of imaging ligands for target-specific imaging, including receptor imaging (4 -8), antigens (9 -11), and lately for imaging of a receptor gene expression (12,13). In parallel, high-resolution imaging systems and techniques that will allow in vivo imaging of mice and rats have been developed recently (13,14).The present study was aimed at developing noninvasive methods for measuring BCM featuring target-specific imaging probes and investigating whether this technique is feasible, accurate, and predictive of BCM in normal and diabetic states. On the basis of our experience in targetspecific imaging, we hypothesized that certain imaging parameters (e.g., % injected dose/g tissue, morphologic signal changes, signal intensity changes) will correlate with BCM.…”

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Noninvasive In Vivo Measurement of β-Cell Mass in Mouse Model of Diabetes

2001

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Pancreatic ␤-cell mass (BCM) is a major determinant of the quantity of insulin that can be secreted. BCM is markedly reduced in type 1 diabetes because of selective autoimmune destruction of ␤-cells. Accurate assessment of BCM in human diabetes is limited to autopsy studies, which usually suffer from inadequate clinical information; thus, the development of noninvasive means of BCM measurement could be important in intervention therapy. The goal of this study was to develop such noninvasive methods for measuring BCM featuring target-specific imaging probes and to investigate whether this technique is feasible, accurate, and predictive of BCM in normal and diabetic states. Using a ␤-cell-specific monoclonal antibody IC2, modified with a radioisotope chelator for nuclear imaging, we showed that highly specific binding and accumulation to ␤-cells occurs after intravenous administration of the probe, with virtually no binding to exocrine pancreas or stromal tissues. Furthermore, we observed a direct correlation between accumulation of the probe with BCM in diabetic and normal animals. Nuclear imaging of the animals that received an injection of the radioactive probe showed major difference in signal intensity between normal and diabetic pancreases. The results from this study set the route for further development of imaging probes for measuring BCM that would aid in diagnosis and treatment of diabetic patients in the clinic. Diabetes 50:2231-2236, 2001 P ancreatic ␤-cell mass (BCM) is markedly reduced in type 1 diabetes as a result of selective autoimmune destruction of ␤-cells (1). Accurate assessment of BCM in human diabetes is limited to autopsy studies, which usually suffer from inadequate clinical information (1). Although repeated blood sampling for determination of glucose, glucagon, tolbutamide, or insulin in response to various secretagogues is presumed to reflect quantitative or qualitative differences in pancreatic BCM or function, the severity of the ␤-cell loss responsible for abnormalities observed by these in vivo measurements is unknown (2). This loss has to be assessed during the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of intervention. In addition, such assessment may be extended to evaluate the engrafted islet mass in the liver after islet transplantation. For this reason, noninvasive measurement of BCM could allow longitudinal mapping of the evolution of the disease both in animal models and, more important, in humans.With the continuing development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear imaging techniques during the past decade, it became possible to achieve high spatial and functional resolutions (3). During the past decades, we developed a number of imaging ligands for target-specific imaging, including receptor imaging (4 -8), antigens (9 -11), and lately for imaging of a receptor gene expression (12,13). In parallel, high-resolution imaging systems and techniques that will allow in vivo imaging of mice and rats have been developed recently (13,14).The present study was aimed at developing...

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“…3), lo que mejora la resolución intrínseca (resolución propia del detector; en la global del sistema intervienen más factores) respecto a la de los detectores de bloque 28,30,[34][35][36][37][38][39] . Estos diseños, sin embargo, tienen un coste más elevado, razón por la cual su uso se ha limitado a los sistemas de animales, con un número de detectores mucho menor que en los sistemas para humanos.…”

Section: Tecnología De Los Detectoresunclassified

Limitaciones tecnológicas de la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) para pequeños animales de laboratorio

Vaquero

Desco

2005

Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear

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Resumen.-La visualización y cuantificación de la función de determinados órganos en animales de laboratorio mediante PET está demostrando ser una herramienta de gran relevancia para la caracterización del fenotipo de animales transgénicos y noqueados, en el estudio de modelos de enfermedades humanas, así como para el descubrimiento y desarrollo de nuevos medicamentos y sondas bioquímicas. Para poder utilizar la PET en animales de laboratorio de un modo análogo al que se aplica en humanos es necesario contemplar el factor de escala en el tamaño del vóxel así como mantener una similar estadística de contaje. En este trabajo se apuntan los problemas que estos requerimientos representan tanto para el diseño técnico de los tomógrafos como para la realización de los experimentos, y desde esta perspectiva se analizan las soluciones tecnológi-cas más relevantes. Finalmente, se comentan brevemente algunas características de sistemas disponibles hoy comercialmente (microPET y FOCUS, HiDAC, eXplore VISTA, MOSAIC, YAP-(S)PET y rPET). TECHNICAL LIMITATIONS OF THE POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET) FOR SMALL LABORATORY ANIMALSAbstract.-Visualization and quantification of organ function by PET in small laboratory animals is becoming an outstanding tool for characterization of phenotype of transgenic and knock-out animals, for the study of animal models of human diseases, and for the development of new therapeutic drugs and diagnostic biochemical probes. To be able to make use of the PET with small laboratory animals in the same way as it is operated with humans it is necessary to account for the volumetric scale factor as well as for the requirement of maintaining the counting statistics. This work sketches the problems that these requirements represent for the technical design of the scanners and for the execution of the experiments. Finally, some characteristics of commercially available scanners (microPET/ FOCUS, HiDAC, eXplore VISTA, MOSAIC, YAP-(S)PET and rPET) are briefly discussed. PRESENTACIÓNLos últimos avances en instrumentación para imagen médica han conducido al diseño y desarrollo de sistemas de imagen molecular especialmente dedicados a la obtención de imágenes de pequeños animales de laboratorio, imposibles de conseguir con la instrumentación diseñada para humanos 1,2 . Estos equipos se usan fundamentalmente para investigación traslacional en biología molecular y medicina; se da la circunstancia de que el mayor número de modelos de enfermedades humanas, tanto en neurología como en cardiología y oncología, se ha desarrollado sobre roedores, debido al buen conocimiento de estos modelos y su bajo coste 3 . La evolución de la genómica y de la biología molecular, así como la investigación con animales modificados genéticamente 4 ha impulsado el desarrollo de sistemas no invasivos de imagen para pequeños animales con el fin de poder realizar estudios longitudinales en periodos de tiempo relativamente largos, experimentos en los que es necesaria la supervivencia del animal 5,6 . Sin embargo la disponibilidad y el acces...

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Development of a small animal PET imaging device with resolution approaching 1 mm

Cited by 64 publications

References 14 publications

High-resolution PET detector design: modelling components of intrinsic spatial resolution

High-resolution PET detector design: modelling components of intrinsic spatial resolution

Noninvasive In Vivo Measurement of β-Cell Mass in Mouse Model of Diabetes

Limitaciones tecnológicas de la tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) para pequeños animales de laboratorio

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