Development of a stable isotope dilution LC–MS assay for the quantitation of multiple polyethylene glycol (PEG) homologues to be used in permeability studies

Lichtenegger, Martina; Rychlik, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.060

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Five hours after ingestion of the sugar test solution, the PEG test solution was drunk and urine was sampled during the following 24 hours. PEGs were analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry as described by Lichtenegger and Rychlik 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of caloric restriction on gut permeability, inflammation markers, and fecal microbiota in obese women

Skurk

Hastreiter

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

138

104

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Recent findings suggest an association between obesity, loss of gut barrier function and changes in microbiota profiles. Our primary objective was to examine the effect of caloric restriction and subsequent weight reduction on gut permeability in obese women. The impact on inflammatory markers and fecal microbiota was also investigated. The 4-week very-low calorie diet (VLCD, 800 kcal/day) induced a mean weight loss of 6.9 ± 1.9 kg accompanied by a reduction in HOMA-IR (Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance), fasting plasma glucose and insulin, plasma leptin, and leptin gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Plasma high-molecular weight adiponectin (HMW adiponectin) was significantly increased after VLCD. Plasma levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) were significantly decreased after 28 days of VLCD. Using three different methods, gut paracellular permeability was decreased after VLCD. These changes in clinical parameters were not associated with major consistent changes in dominant bacterial communities in feces. In summary, a 4-week caloric restriction resulted in significant weight loss, improved gut barrier integrity and reduced systemic inflammation in obese women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of caloric restriction on gut permeability, inflammation markers, and fecal microbiota in obese women

Skurk

Hastreiter

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

Self Cite

138

104

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show abstract

“…Parenteral injections of radiolabeled polyvinylpyrrolidone in humans demonstrated that the permeability cut-off of the human small intestine is MW of 80 000 Da. 24,25 The GI permeability "cut-off" MW was also confirmed using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 26,27 and, even for patients with irritable bowel syndrome, it is below 80 000 Da 28,29 and therefore an order of magnitude below the MW of PTFE which is in the million Das.…”

Section: Review Of Biological Safety Of Ptfementioning

confidence: 93%

Polytetrafluoroethylene Ingestion as a Way to Increase Food Volume and Hence Satiety Without Increasing Calorie Content

Naftalovich

Greenway

2016

J Diabetes Sci Technol

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Since satiety is largely due to stretch of the stomach and people tend to eat a consistent weight of food, increasing food volume and mass increases satiety. This can be achieved without increasing the calories of food by mixing food with a material that cannot be metabolized. Such a material should be inert, safe, resistant to stomach acid, lack taste, available in powder form, smooth, resistant to heat, and cost effective. Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an ideal substance for this purpose. It is a soft plastic that is widely considered to be the most inert material known and is extremely stable. Animal feeding trials showed that rats fed a diet of 25% PTFE for 90 days had no signs of toxicity and that the rats lost weight. This article publishes the data from these subchronic animal feeding trials, reviews the relevant available literature, and hypothesizes that increasing the volume of food by mixing the food with PTFE powder at a ratio of 3 parts food to 1 part PTFE by volume will substantially improve satiety and reduce caloric consumption in people.

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“…Shimada et al studied the quantitation of PEG oligomers using MALDI and noted that for oligomers with masses >1000 Da, spectral intensities decreased when the oligomer mass increased due to the stability of the ionised PEG molecules during the ionisation process and the desorption of PEGs into the gas phase using MALDI laser. 14 Attempts to minimise instrumental differences include stable isotope dilution assay 15 or the use of internal standardisation. 16,17 Although assay by stable isotope dilution is expensive, the incorporation of internal standards (ISTD) in polymer analysis is rare and observed only in MALDI MS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersity determination of poly(ethylene glycol)s using supercritical fluid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and different mass analysers

Cancho‐Gonzalez,

Ferguson,

Herniman

et al. 2024

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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RationaleDispersity values are considered critical quality attributes for the quality control of poly(ethylene glycol) formulations due to the direct impact on drug performance. However, when these polymers are analysed using mass spectrometry, the design of the mass analyser can impact the oligomer response and affect the obtained dispersity values, so further understanding is needed.MethodsThe deconvoluted electrospray ionisation mass spectra of poly(ethylene glycol)s obtained using supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) hyphenated to different mass analysers were compared, and visualisation diagrams were used to understand the differences in the dispersity value calculations. Five calibration approaches based on a surrogate single oligomer that represents the whole distribution, or the whole distribution itself, for response selection, were used to evaluate ionisation efficiency prior to quantitation. The impact of using an internal standard (ISTD) on the expanded uncertainty was also assessed.ResultsAlthough there were challenges related to the resolution of multiply charged species when low‐resolution instruments were used, similar quantitation capabilities were obtained to those when high‐resolution mass analysers were used. Evaluation of approaches using a surrogate oligomer or the whole distribution suggested the independence of both approaches and a constant ionisation efficiency across the oligomer chain length. The higher degree of chromatographic resolution of SFC allowed incorporating a monodispersed ISTD to improve the accuracy and precision of the method.ConclusionsThe use of low resolution mass analysers was sufficient to provide accurate and precise dispersity values; however, higher resolution instruments were recommended for characterisation due to the improved mass resolution of ions. The introduction of a monodispersed ISTD improved precision without compromising the calculated dispersity value due to the lack of analyte suppression.

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Development of a stable isotope dilution LC–MS assay for the quantitation of multiple polyethylene glycol (PEG) homologues to be used in permeability studies

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

Effect of caloric restriction on gut permeability, inflammation markers, and fecal microbiota in obese women

Effect of caloric restriction on gut permeability, inflammation markers, and fecal microbiota in obese women

Polytetrafluoroethylene Ingestion as a Way to Increase Food Volume and Hence Satiety Without Increasing Calorie Content

Dispersity determination of poly(ethylene glycol)s using supercritical fluid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and different mass analysers

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