Development of a Surface-Functionalized Titanium Implant for Promoting Osseointegration: Surface Characteristics, Hemocompatibility, and In Vivo Evaluation

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of surface-modified biomedical titanium (Ti) dental implant on osseointegration. The surfaces were modified using an innovative dip-coating technique (IDCT; sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched, then followed by coating with the modified pluronic F127 biodegradable polymer). The surface morphology and hemocompatibility evaluations were investigated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, while the contact analysis was observed by goniometer. The IDCT-modified Ti implant was also implanted in patients with missing teeth by single-stage surgical procedure then observed immediately and again four months after placement by cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging. It was found that the IDCT-modified Ti implant was rougher than the dental implant without surface modification. Contact angle analysis showed the IDCT-modified Ti implant was lower than the dental implant without surface modification. The hemocompatibility evaluations showed greater red blood cell aggregation and fibrin filament formation on the IDCT-modified Ti implant. The radiographic and CBCT image displayed new bone formation at four months after the IDCT-modified Ti implant placement. Therefore, this study suggests that the IDCT-modified Ti dental implant has great potential to accelerate osseointegration.

TiO2 Nanonetwork on Rough Ti Enhanced Osteogenesis In Vitro and In Vivo

“…A mixed HCl/H 2 SO 4 solution is widely used for processing SLA on Ti dental implants. This SLA surface has a water contact angle of 70° to 120° (Tugulu et al 2010; Hou et al 2020) and surface roughness Sa of 1.18 µm (Tugulu et al 2010). This study used a mixed HF/HNO 3 solution for the SLA process, which produced a similar surface roughness (Sa 0.9 µm) but a more hydrophilic surface (water contact angle ~24°).…”

“…A well-known superhydrophilic SLActive surface (water contact angle of approximately 0°) on the global market is processed in a nitrogen chamber and uses storage in an isotonic sodium chloride solution with no atmospheric contact (Alayan et al 2017; Masrouri et al 2020). The hydrophilicity of the SLA Ti surface can also be significantly improved by coating with biodegradable pluronic F127 to obtain a water contact angle of approximately 0° (Hou et al 2020); however, this uncontrollable degradation behavior of polymer F127 after implantation may limit its clinical application. As for BIC value, the SLActive Ti implants have a BIC percentage of 57% after 30 d and 67% after 60 d in the articular femoral knee joint of rabbits (Scarano et al 2017).…”

The Potential of a Surface-Modified Titanium Implant with Tetrapeptide for Osseointegration Enhancement

“…Dental implants generally use titanium (Ti) material, which has mechanical and biocompatible properties, yet these are insufficient to cause this material to be well-accepted and not considered as a foreign object, which leads to rejection by the body [9,10,13]. It is believed that the improvement of the mechanical, physical, and biological properties of the implant material, through surface modification, can overcome these obstacles to promote better bone contact to the implant surface, which in sequence can accelerate the osseointegration [14,15].…”

“…It is believed that the improvement of the mechanical, physical, and biological properties of the implant material, through surface modification, can overcome these obstacles to promote better bone contact to the implant surface, which in sequence can accelerate the osseointegration [14,15]. Of the various implant surface modifications, the sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched (SLA) surface treatment method is most often used to elevate the mechanical and physical properties of the implant, while biochemical methods can enhance the biological properties in the form of increased adhesion and cell migration by immobilization or delivery of various proteins, enzymes, or peptides on the implant surface [4,13,16,17].…”

“…The current study focuses on surface functionalization using peptides that allow the adhesion of cells to the implant surface, which has previously been treated by an innovative dip-coating technique (IDCT) [13]. In our previous study, surface modification with IDCT involved the application of polymer pluronic F127 (PF127), which acts as a scaffold with its amphiphilic properties and which not only improves wettability but also exhibits antibacterial action to induce the healing process [13,18]. However, the weak interaction with cells, and the lack of protein adsorption, were to be the shortcomings of the polymer that could have a negative impact on cell adhesion to the implant surface [16,19].…”