Laser-induced fluorescence technology is an effective method for detecting oil pollutants. The laser induced fluorescence detection system was developed, and four parallel microchannel sample pools were designed to improve the detection accuracy of fluorescence signals. The grating scanning system is improved by introducing grating feedback link to improve the wavelength scanning accuracy of the system.The experimental results show that the wavelength scanning resolution of the microchannel laser-induced fluorescence detection system is improved by 0.4 nm. Aiming at the defects of the traditional parallel factor algorithm which is sensitive to the sample components, slow operation speed and easy to fall into local convergence, the generalized inverse singular value decomposition is used to improve the parallel factor algorithm. Configure different concentrations of diesel, gasoline and kerosene solution samples. The experimental verification shows that the excitation-emission spectra of each component obtained by the improved parallel factor algorithm are highly consistent with the measured spectral characteristics, indicating that the microchannel laser-induced fluorescence detection system combined with the improved parallel factor analysis method can accurately identify oil pollutants.