Development of Adhesive Resins Formulated with Rapeseed Flour Akali Hydrolyzates for Plywood Panels

Abstract

Petroleum-based adhesive resins have extensively been used for the production of wood panels. However, it is necessary to develop environmentally friendly adhesive resins due to the increase of manufacturing cost and the environmental issue, such as the emission of volatile organic compounds, of the pertroleum-based adhesive resins. This study was conducted to formulate environmentally friendly adhesive resins using by rapeseed flour (RSF), which is the by-product of bio-diesel produced from rapeseed, for replacing petroleum-based adhesives with them. To formulate RSF-based adhesive resins, RSF was hydrolyzed in de-ionized water, 1% and 3% sodium hydroxide solutions. As a crosslinking agent, PF prepolymers were prepared with 1.8, 2.1 and 2.4 mol formaldehyde and 1 mol phenol (1.8-, 2.1-and 2.4-PF), and then mixed with RSF hydrolyzates to complete the formulation of RSF-based adhesive resins. The RSF-based adhesive resins were applied to fabricate 3-ply plywood panels. The solid content of RSF-based adhesive resins were ranged from 26.08% to 36.12% depending on the hydrolysis condition of RSF and PF prepolymer type with a high viscosity. The tensile shear strength and wood failure of plywood fabricated with RSF-based adhesive resins exceeded a minimum requirement of KS standard for ordinary plywood regardless of the hydrolysis condition of RSF and PF prepolymer type.Formaldehyde emissions of the plywood panels fabricated with 1.8-PF and RSF hydrolyzates were lower than that of E0 specified in the KS standard. Based on the results, RSF might be used as a raw material of environmentally friendly adhesives for the production of plywood panels, but further researches -the increase of solid content of RSF-based adhesives for reducing press time and the microscopic observation of plywood specimen for identifying the relationship between tensile shear strength and the penetration of adhesives into wood structure -are required to commercialize the RSF-based adhesives.

Canola Protein Wood Adhesive with Improved Bonding properties

“…Despites its high availability and its potential suitability for the development of bio-adhesives (Tene Tayo et al, 2022), canola protein has so far been given less attention compared to other plant proteins such as soy and wheat. As result, very little research works have been carried out on canola protein isolates (Li et al, 2012a(Li et al, , 2017Hale, 2013;Wang et al, 2014;Bandara et al, 2017), canola our (Yang et al, 2010(Yang et al, , 2011(Yang et al, , 2012(Yang et al, , 2014Ostendorf et al, 2021aOstendorf et al, , 2021bTene Tayo et al, 2022) or canola oil (Kong et al, 2011), leaving a great gap to cover. Moreover, in most of these research works, synthetic resins were used as crosslinker to increase the physical-mechanical properties of the developed canola-based adhesive.…”

Canola Meal Adhesive for the Production of Wood Fiber Insulation Boards Using Hot-Air/Hot-Steam-Process

“…One possible opportunity is to use plant proteins derived from canola. There are several studies using modified and unmodified protein isolates (Li et al, 2012;2017;Hale, 2013;Wang et al, 2014;Bandara et al, 2017) or canola meal together with phenol-formaldehyde-resin (Yang et al, 2010;2014) as adhesive for wood or wood composites. The advantage of using canola meal is to avoid expensive, low-yield and chemical-rich protein isolation (Elstner & Stein 1982).Therefore, this study focusses on the usage of solubilized canola meal as adhesive for the production of WFI for the first time by means of using the innovative hot-air/hot-steam-curing-technology developed by Euring and Kharazipour (2013).…”

Extraction of Liberated Reducing Sugars from Rapeseed Cake via Acid and Alkali Treatments

“…, 일부 식품용 단백질로 활용하기 위한 연구도 활발히 진행되고 있다 (10)(11)(12)(13). 또한 풍부한 단백질 성분을 화학적으로 개량하여 합판용 및 단판적측재용 접착제 개발 에 관한 연구도 보고되고 있다 (14,15). Percentages of dry weight basis.…”