Development of adiposity, obesity and age at menarche: an 8-year follow-up study in Portuguese schoolgirls

Leitão, Raquel; Rodrigues, Luís Paulo; Neves, L.; Carvalho, Graça Simões de

doi:10.1515/ijamh-2013-0007

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…The relationship of BMI with earlier puberty has also been observed in some European populations: in Swedish children, a negative correlation was observed between the change in BMI between the ages of 2 to 8 and the age of the peak height velocity, considered a puberty marker . In addition, Portuguese school girls that were obese from 7 years old had earlier menarche than their normal‐weight counterparts . Therefore, controlling weight gain between pre‐pubertal school age and adolescence may aid in the prevention of comorbidities associated with earlier puberty.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Therefore, longitudinal studies are needed to evaluate the directionality of the relationship between body composition and puberty and to study this influence. There are several longitudinal PEDIATRICOBESITY ORIGINALRESEARCH doi:10.1111/ijpo.277 studies that have found a relationship between pubertal development and pre-pubertal anthropometric variables (mainly BMI) even as early as pre-school age (19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Nevertheless, the relationship between anthropometric variables at birth and age of pubertal development remains unclear (17,21,24).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Earlier menarcheal age in Spanish girls is related with an increase in body mass index between pre‐pubertal school age and adolescence

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Earlier menarcheal age in Spanish girls is related with an increase in body mass index between pre‐pubertal school age and adolescence

et al. 2015

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“…Childhood obesity could influence development of endometrial cancer in several ways. It may result in earlier menarche, which increases the risk of endometrial cancer . Childhood obesity may reduce levels of sex‐hormone binding globulin, which increases levels of non‐SHBG‐bound estrogen .…”

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confidence: 99%

Prospective study of body size throughout the life-course and the incidence of endometrial cancer among premenopausal and postmenopausal women

et al. 2015

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Although adult obesity is known to increase endometrial cancer risk, evidence for childhood obesity is limited. We prospectively examined the association between body fatness throughout life and endometrial cancer risk. 47,289 members of the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and 105,386 of the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHS II) recalled their body fatness at ages 5, 10, and 20 using a pictogram. Childhood and adolescent body fatness were derived as the average at ages 5 and 10, and ages 10 and 20, respectively. We obtained adult weight from concurrent questionnaires. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) of endometrial cancer using Cox proportional hazards models. During follow-up, 757 incident cases of endometrial cancer were diagnosed. Body fatness in childhood, at age 10, in adolescence, and at age 20 were positively associated with endometrial cancer risk (HR for ≥ Level 5 versus ≤ Level 2 in adolescence: 1.83 (95% CI 1.41-2.37). After adjusting for most recent BMI, none of the associations persisted. Weight change since age 18 was positively associated with endometrial cancer risk [HR for ≥ 25 kg gain versus stable: 2.54 (95% CI 1.80-3.59). Adult BMI was strongly associated with endometrial cancer risk [HR BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 versus BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2: 4.13 (95% CI 3.29-5.16)]. In postmenopausal women, the association with BMI was significantly stronger among non-users of hormone therapy. In conclusion, obesity throughout life is positively associated with endometrial cancer risk, with adult obesity one of the strongest risk factors. Maintaining a healthy weight throughout life remains important.

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“…Furthermore, many studies demonstrate that increased adiposity is associated with earlier onset of menarche 4–6 . An older age of menarche is observed in populations with a lower rate of literacy, and Thomas et al suggest that this is due to the physical activity associated with child labor 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of precocious menarche in Puerto Barrios, Guatemala

Torres-Gonzalez

Lopez

Trabert

et al. 2019

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Background: Age of menarche is variable between women with a median age of 14 years old worldwide, and averages ranging from 12-13 years old in developed countries to 15-16 years old in low and middle-income countries. Precocious menarche, occurring before age 11, is rare, with a prevalence of 1.4 to 2.3% in most worldwide populations. Precocious menarche is poorly understood but is associated with early puberty and is a risk factor for pre-teen birth. In studying HPV prevalence in Latin America, we identified a community with a very high rate of precocious menarche. Objective(s):Describe the patterns of precocious menarche in Guatemala. Study Design:Reproductive histories were collected from 3385 cancer-free women at the time of routine Pap smear from 4 sites in Guatemala including hospitals in Guatemala City and Puerto Barrios, Izabal. Statistical analyses included determination of the age-specific prevalence of menarche and linear regression to determine the effect of year of birth, study site, number of births and miscarriages, on the age at menarche.Results: Compared with a low prevalence of precocious menarche observed in Guatemala City (3.1%, 88/2834), we observed a high prevalence of precocious menarche in the city of Puerto Barrios, Izabal, Guatemala (88%, 486/551). We observed a high prevalence of precocious menarche in Puerto Barrios across all age groups. In contrast in Guatemala City, the median age at menarche declined from the age of 14 in 50-60-year-old women to 13 in women under 40 years of age. Hospital records show that the occurrence of both miscarriage and pregnancy under age 14 is substantially higher in Izabal. In addition, the main public hospital in Puerto Barrios accounts for a high fraction of the early pregnancies and miscarriages seen in Guatemala.3 Conclusions: In Puerto Barrios, Izabal, Guatemala, the prevalence of menarche before age 11 is dramatically elevated compared to Guatemala City and substantially higher than other worldwide populations. We observed precocious menarche in Puerto Barrios in all age groups examined, indicating that this condition has been common for decades. This finding is supported by the comparatively higher occurrence of early pregnancy and miscarriage in Puerto Barrios compared with Guatemala City. The cause is unknown, but precocious menarche is associated with adverse reproductive outcome in young women and warrants further investigation.

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Development of adiposity, obesity and age at menarche: an 8-year follow-up study in Portuguese schoolgirls

Abstract: EM seems to be a risk factor for the development of obesity during adolescence. However, this vulnerability may start to be programmed before menarche as girls with precocious menarche were already fatter than their late-maturing peers at age 7 years.

Cited by 26 publications

References 43 publications

Earlier menarcheal age in Spanish girls is related with an increase in body mass index between pre‐pubertal school age and adolescence

Earlier menarcheal age in Spanish girls is related with an increase in body mass index between pre‐pubertal school age and adolescence

Prospective study of body size throughout the life-course and the incidence of endometrial cancer among premenopausal and postmenopausal women

High prevalence of precocious menarche in Puerto Barrios, Guatemala

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