Development of an Advanced ATD Thorax System for Improved Injury Assessment in Frontal Crash Environments

Schneider, Lawrence W.; Haffner, Mark P.; Eppinger, Rolf H.; Salloum, Michael; Beebe, M; Rouhana, Stephen W.; King, Albert I.; Hardy, Warren N.; Neathery, Raymond F.

doi:10.4271/922520

Cited by 27 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A future extension of the present study would be to extend this work to the dynamic regime. While the Cavanaugh study did not observe a consistent change in stiffness when increasing the loading rate by a factor of 60, that study was performed only on a single PMHS (Schneider et al 1992). Using four PMHS, however, Shaw et al (2007) observed a pronounced increase in the stiffness of the denuded thorax when the displacement rate was increased by three orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Study Scope and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The findings found in the current study compare reasonably to the limited similar data available in the literature. In the Cavanaugh tests (quasi-static localized plate loadings onto a denuded torso), the authors found an effective stiffness (defined as the peak force divided by the peak displacement) ranging from 9.2-11.4 N/mm for the upper sternum and 5.9-7.7 N/mm for the lower sternum, while the stiffness at the CCJ ranged from 5.6 N/mm at rib 2 to 3.4 N/mm at rib 6 (Schneider et al 1992). In a similar study with multiple PMHS, Shaw et al (2007) found an effective stiffness of 12.6  6.2 N/mm at the midsternum, 7.0  1.3 N/mm at the rib 3 CCJ, and 8.3  2.1 N/mm at the rib 6 CCJ under quasi-static loading.…”

Section: Comparison To Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the aforementioned studies are limited in that they characterize the global (rather than regional) response of the thorax, in which the sternum, multiple ribs, and other structures are engaged simultaneously to determine an effective response for the entire structure. One of the first attempts to characterize regional variations in the response of the thorax was the table-top experimental study performed by Cavanaugh and colleagues and described in Schneider et al (1992). The Cavanaugh tests used small rectangular plates to load both Post Mortem Human Surrogates (PHMS) and Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs) at two rates (1.7 mm/sec and 102 mm/sec) at upper, middle, and lower locations on the sternum and right ribs, measuring rib deflections at nine locations on the ipsilateral and contralateral aspects during loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Response of Cadaveric Ribcages Under a Localized Loading: Stiffness and Kinematic Trends

Kindig¹,

Lau²,

Forman³

et al. 2010

SAE Technical Paper Series

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To improve understanding of structural coupling and deformation patterns throughout the loaded ribcage, the present study reports the force-displacement and kinematic responses under a highly-localized loading condition using three PMHS ribcages (ages 44, 61, and 63 years). The ribcages were quasi-statically loaded locally to a non-failure displacement (nominally 15% of the ribcage depth at the loaded rib level) at approximately 25 unilateral locations and 5-7 geometrically symmetric bilateral locations on the anterior surface of each ribcage, for a total of 94 tests. The translations of 56 points distributed around the anterior, lateral, and posterior portions of the superficial surface of the ribcage were measured while under loading. Each of the first through sixth rib levels was then separated from the remaining ribs, and this "rib ring" structure was individually loaded at the sternum in the anterior-posterior direction. The force when the ribcage was deflected to 8% of its initial depth was normalized to the force at the upper sternum (viz. 81.232.2 N). The normalized unilateral force at the costo-chondral junction was found to vary from 0.760.29 at rib 1 to 0.150.02 at rib 9, while bilateral forces (sum of left and right aspects) varied from 0.92 to 1.11. The rib rings were generally less stiff, ranging from 0.780.24 for rib 1 to 0.190.01 for rib 6. The deformation patterns under all loading conditions were quantified. In general, bilateral loading produced an approximately symmetric deformation pattern, while unilateral loading resulted in approximately twice as much resultant deformation on the ipsilateral side compared to the contralateral side.

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Section: Study Scope and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Comparison To Previous Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Structural Response of Cadaveric Ribcages Under a Localized Loading: Stiffness and Kinematic Trends

Kindig¹,

Lau²,

Forman³

et al. 2010

SAE Technical Paper Series

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“…At present, the research method on head impact test mainly involves driving a Hybrid III50th dummy having an approximate human size and skin structure to collide with a test piece installed at a specified position. By analyzing the parameters such as force, speed and acceleration of the head, it can be used to assess whether the test causes head injury according to the HIC standard [1]- [5]. Hybrid III50th dummy is currently used in collision experiments [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Analysis and Testing of a Component Head Injury Criterion Tester for Pilot

et al. 2019

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In a large braking environment, the head of the pilot would collide with the head up display (HUD) because of the aircraft pilot's body leaning forward under inertia. And the preload of the HUD determines whether the head is injured during the collision. Therefore, it is necessary to design a test component for investigating the influence of the mounting preload on head injury during the collision. Consideration of pilot safety, in this paper, the motion characteristics of the pilot is analyzed, and a component of head injury criteria tester for head impact test is established. Given the short-time and high-speed characteristics of the head impact, the driving method adopted hydraulic ejection. This method effectively solves the problems of space limitation and non-reusability in traditional methods. The computational fluid dynamics model and kinematic model of human body are used in this study to simulate the acceleration process. The AMESIM simulation model is set up to study the influence of key parameters on the velocity, angle and acceleration of the system collision moment, to optimize the system parameters and to be verified through experimental studies. The ultimate objective is to achieve that the linear velocity is 11 m/s when the test component rotates at a specified angle. This research can be referred to in the design of a component HIC tester and the study on optimization of fluid flow dynamic characteristics.INDEX TERMS Preload of the HUD, head injury criteria tester, head impact test, hydraulic ejection, optimize parameters.

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“…The lumbar and cervical spine are represented by flexible structures that allow flexion or extension in any plane. In a more recent development, Schneider et al (6) presented new anthropometric data for an advanced family of crash dummies that were subsequently used in the development of a new ATD thorax that adds additional complexity to the shoulders, thoracic spine, and ribcage to obtain a more realistic interaction with restraint systems (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Measuring and Representing Automobile Occupant Posture

Reed

Manary

Schneider

1999

SAE Technical Paper Series

Self Cite

135

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Development of an Advanced ATD Thorax System for Improved Injury Assessment in Frontal Crash Environments

Cited by 27 publications

References 15 publications

Structural Response of Cadaveric Ribcages Under a Localized Loading: Stiffness and Kinematic Trends

Structural Response of Cadaveric Ribcages Under a Localized Loading: Stiffness and Kinematic Trends

Design, Analysis and Testing of a Component Head Injury Criterion Tester for Pilot

Methods for Measuring and Representing Automobile Occupant Posture

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