Development of an analytical approach for identification and quantification of 5-α-androst-16-en-3-one in human milk

Hartmann, Constanze; Mayenzet, Fabienne; Larcinese, Jean-Paul; Haefliger, Olivier P.; Buettner, Andrea; Starkenmann, Christian

doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2012.11.005

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Allyl mercaptan is a very volatile compound and could be lost during the work-up procedure of the human milk samples. This aspect should be addressed in future quantification studies, ideally involving stable isotope dilution assays [ 8 , 11 , 12 , 54 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Volatile Metabolites of Garlic in Human Breast Milk

et al. 2016

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The odor of human breast milk after ingestion of raw garlic at food-relevant concentrations by breastfeeding mothers was investigated for the first time chemo-analytically using gas chromatography−mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O), as well as sensorially using a trained human sensory panel. Sensory evaluation revealed a clear garlic/cabbage-like odor that appeared in breast milk about 2.5 h after consumption of garlic. GC-MS/O analyses confirmed the occurrence of garlic-derived metabolites in breast milk, namely allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), allyl methyl sulfoxide (AMSO) and allyl methyl sulfone (AMSO2). Of these, only AMS had a garlic-like odor whereas the other two metabolites were odorless. This demonstrates that the odor change in human milk is not related to a direct transfer of garlic odorants, as is currently believed, but rather derives from a single metabolite. The formation of these metabolites is not fully understood, but AMSO and AMSO2 are most likely formed by the oxidation of AMS in the human body. The excretion rates of these metabolites into breast milk were strongly time-dependent with large inter-individual differences.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Volatile Metabolites of Garlic in Human Breast Milk

et al. 2016

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“…Hartmann et al [171] employed GC-MS to investigate the presence of 5-α-androst-16-en-3-one in human breast milk, underling the issues and the procedures needed when it is necessary to underline a specific compound in the milk matrix. Another research group also focused on a specific compound [154,172], 1, 8-cineole, again investigated by GC-MS.…”

Section: Volatile Organic Compounds In Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A literature survey of all volatiles from healthy human breath and bodily fluids: the human volatilome

et al. 2021

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This paper comprises an updated version of the 2014 review which reported 1846 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified from healthy humans. In total over 900 additional VOCs have been reported since the 2014 review and the VOCs from semen have been added. The numbers of VOCs found in breath and the other bodily fluids are: blood 379, breath 1488, faeces 443, milk 290, saliva 549, semen 196, skin 623 and urine 444. Compounds were assigned CAS registry numbers and named according to a common convention where possible. The compounds have been included in a single table with the source reference(s) for each VOC, an update on our 2014 paper. VOCs have also been grouped into tables according to their chemical class or functionality to permit easy comparison. Careful use of the database is needed, as a number of the identified VOCs only have level 2—putative assignment, and only a small fraction of the reported VOCs have been validated by standards. Some clear differences are observed, for instance, a lack of esters in urine with a high number in faeces and breath. However, the lack of compounds from matrices such a semen and milk compared to breath for example could be due to the techniques used or reflect the intensity of effort e.g. there are few publications on VOCs from milk and semen compared to a large number for breath. The large number of volatiles reported from skin is partly due to the methodologies used, e.g. by collecting skin sebum (with dissolved VOCs and semi VOCs) onto glass beads or cotton pads and then heating to a high temperature to desorb VOCs. All compounds have been included as reported (unless there was a clear discrepancy between name and chemical structure), but there may be some mistaken assignations arising from the original publications, particularly for isomers. It is the authors’ intention that this work will not only be a useful database of VOCs listed in the literature but will stimulate further study of VOCs from healthy individuals; for example more work is required to confirm the identification of these VOCs adhering to the principles outlined in the metabolomics standards initiative. Establishing a list of volatiles emanating from healthy individuals and increased understanding of VOC metabolic pathways is an important step for differentiating between diseases using VOCs.

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“…With the use of gas chromatography-olfactometry, compounds in the follicular fluid and vaginal secretion were extracted {5␣androst-16-en-3-one (androstenone) and 4-hydroxy-2,5dimethyl-3[2H]-furanone}, which represent endogenous OR-activating agonists and are capable of inducing Ca 2ϩ transients in spermatozoa (74). Furthermore, 5␣-androst-16-en-3-one is contained in human breast milk, urine, and axillary sweat (9,73) and has been demonstrated to activate OR7D4 (91), which is expressed in the testis and olfactory epithelium (109,135).…”

Section: Agonists Of Ectopically Expressed Human Olfactory Receptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Olfactory Receptors: Novel Cellular Functions Outside of the Nose

Maßberg

Hatt

2018

Physiological Reviews

176

140

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Olfactory receptors (ORs) are not exclusively expressed in the olfactory sensory neurons; they are also observed outside of the olfactory system in all other human tissues tested to date, including the testis, lung, intestine, skin, heart, and blood. Within these tissues, certain ORs have been determined to be exclusively expressed in only one tissue, whereas other ORs are more widely distributed in many different tissues throughout the human body. For most of the ectopically expressed ORs, limited data are available for their functional roles. They have been shown to be involved in the modulation of cell-cell recognition, migration, proliferation, the apoptotic cycle, exocytosis, and pathfinding processes. Additionally, there is a growing body of evidence that they have the potential to serve as diagnostic and therapeutic tools, as ORs are highly expressed in different cancer tissues. Interestingly, in addition to the canonical signaling pathways activated by ORs in olfactory sensory neurons, alternative pathways have been demonstrated in nonolfactory tissues. In this review, the existing data concerning the expression, as well as the physiological and pathophysiological functions, of ORs outside of the nose are highlighted to provide insights into future lines of research.

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Development of an analytical approach for identification and quantification of 5-α-androst-16-en-3-one in human milk

Cited by 12 publications

References 31 publications

Detection of Volatile Metabolites of Garlic in Human Breast Milk

Detection of Volatile Metabolites of Garlic in Human Breast Milk

A literature survey of all volatiles from healthy human breath and bodily fluids: the human volatilome

Human Olfactory Receptors: Novel Cellular Functions Outside of the Nose

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