Development of an analytical model to predict the radiative heat flux to a vertical element due to a localised fire

Tondini, Nicola; Thauvoye, Christophe; Hanus, François; Vassart, Olivier

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.03.001

Cited by 28 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Several models are available in literature to study pool fires and they can be classified among field/computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models and empirical/analytical models. Tondini et al [26] showed how the analytical LOCAFI model compared with CFD models to predict the radiant heat flux emitted from pool fires and how it fared against experimental measurements. Indeed, CFD models can provide an accurate modelling of a localised fire by solving Navier-Stokes differential equations of fluid flow.…”

Section: Locafi Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This model is convenient to implement because of its simple geometry and its low calculation demand. On the other hand, solid flame models adopt a specific shape for the flame geometry, that may be a cylinder, an ellipse or a cone [16], [26]. These models consider that the radiative heat fluxes are emitted from the surfaces of the solid representing the fire and that the radiative heat flux received by an external element is the sum of the radiative heat fluxes emitted from each surface based on the computation of configuration factor, which may be done analytically and/or numerically depending on the flame shape assumption.…”

Section: Locafi Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the framework of this research, a solid flame model is adopted with the use of the LOCAFI model developed within the European LOCAFI Project [25]. This model was developed and calibrated based on experimental tests and numerical analyses performed with a CFD model [26]. A brief description is summarized herein.…”

Section: Locafi Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This calculation complexity is function of the discretization level adopted for the fire and for the structure. Two models are available to compute the radiative heat fluxes impacting a structural element; the analytical model [26] and the numerical model [49]. In this work, the model implemented in SAFIR is based on numerical integration of the configuration factor.…”

Section: Locafi Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(6). It is worth to point out that the LOCAFI model was compared against experimental data of kerosene pool fires as large as 50 m and characterised by RHR in the order of 3000 MW [26]. As explained in Section 3.1, the distance separating a structure and a fire has a direct influence on the intensity of the radiative heat flux received by the structure.…”

Section: Selection Of Fire Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probabilistic fire demand model for steel pipe-racks exposed to localised fires

Randaxhe

Popa

Tondini

2021

Engineering Structures

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This paper proposes a new method to build a probabilistic fire demand model (PFDM) to investigate the structural behaviour of a steel pipe-rack located within an industrial installation and exposed to a localised fire. The PFDM will serve to develop fire fragility functions to be used either in a fire risk assessment or in a fully probabilistic structural fire engineering (PSFE) framework. The cloud analysis (CA) was exploited to build a PFDM based on different engineering demand parameters (EDP) -intensity measures (IM) pairs. In particular, the analysis was applied to a prototype steel pipe-rack integrating an industrial plant in Italy. In order to cover a wide range of plausible fire scenarios and to introduce uncertainties in the fire model, 539 fire scenarios were examined by varying the fire diameter, the fire-structure distance and the fuel. The selection of the fire diameters was based on parametric analyses quantifying liquid flow through orifices and pipes. The thermal impact of the pool fires on the structure was analysed using the LOCAFI localised fire model and the thermo-mechanical response of the pipe rack was evaluated by means of finite element analysis. Based on the structural analysis outcomes, it was found that the interstorey drift ratio (ISDR) -average heat flux impinging the structure (HFavg) EDP-IM pair was the most efficient and was also characterised the highest relative sufficiency among the other pairs. Moreover, it has to be noted that for this type of case study, the CA revealed to be a suitable and versatile tool to build a PFDM.

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Section: Locafi Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Locafi Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Locafi Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Locafi Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Of Fire Scenariosmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probabilistic fire demand model for steel pipe-racks exposed to localised fires

Randaxhe

Popa

Tondini

2021

Engineering Structures

Self Cite

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Localised Fire Assessment of a Steel Structural Solution in a Pilot Building

Gamba

2023

ce papers

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Many tragic fires in the past decades have highlighted the importance of fire safety engineering and its meaningful application in the engineering field. With a constant and significant growth of the research the classical approach based on prescriptive time‐temperature curve, where the gas temperature is assumed to be constant within the entire compartment and always increasing on time has been challenged by a performance‐based one. Performance‐based approach is aiming to represent the fire accounting for more physics than the prescriptive approach, considering ignition, fire growth burning and cooling phase. Nowadays practitioners facing the design stage of a project have to face the choice between designing with prescriptive or performance‐based approach. In this work a comparison between design using performance based and a prescriptive approach will be provided. In particular, the building is under development in the framework of a demonstration RFCS (Research Found for Coal and Steel) project called DREAMERS, founded by the European Commission. The chosen structure for this example is an 800 m2 steel building, which will be built in the Campus of the University of Salerno (Italy). The main peculiarity of the building is the implementation of all the most advanced technologies for the construction of a resilient structure in terms of seismic, robustness and fire safety. The building is designed in steel and steel composite solutions, following a holistic design approach and foreseeing a life time monitoring of its behavior. The flooring system is made of Asymmetric Floor Beams (AFB) and Cofradal® 260, whereas vertical elements are hot rolled HEB sections. The work here presented is showing some of the main challenges related to the fire design as well as application of next generation localised fire models.

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Robustness evaluation and design of steel and steel‐concrete buildings according to current standards and recent research results

Candeias,

Obiala,

Demonceau

et al. 2023

ce papers

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In terms of mitigation of progressive collapse, structural robustness is a specific safety consideration, which requires particular attention from all professionals involved in the construction industry, including architects, designers and constructors. The design of buildings considering robustness has evolved considerably over the last two decades, during which different research activities have been developed, leading to new methods and design processes. These practice‐oriented methods and concepts have been recently summarized in a design manual prepared in the framework of the FAILNOMORE RFCS project (grant No 899371), providing to the designer a general design strategy for robustness based on these methods as well as easy to follow worked examples. The proposed design strategy allows to ensure the global stability and the mitigation of progressive collapse of steel and composite structures when subjected to exceptional events, such as vehicle impact, explosion, cascading events involving localized fire or events which are not explicitly specified in the typical structural design process. In this paper, the application of these recommendations is demonstrated by means of realistic worked examples. Typical steel and steel‐concrete composite office buildings, designed according to the current European standards, are evaluated for robustness against identified and unidentified threats. The results obtained with simple and more advanced verification approaches are compared, and possible solutions to improve the robustness of the structures are provided.

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Development of an analytical model to predict the radiative heat flux to a vertical element due to a localised fire

Cited by 28 publications

References 10 publications

Probabilistic fire demand model for steel pipe-racks exposed to localised fires

Probabilistic fire demand model for steel pipe-racks exposed to localised fires

Localised Fire Assessment of a Steel Structural Solution in a Pilot Building

Robustness evaluation and design of steel and steel‐concrete buildings according to current standards and recent research results

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