Development of an Anti-Atherosclerotic Polyherbal Formulation: GSTC3

Abstract

A polyherbal formulation consisting of different proportions of Commiphora mukul (Hook ex Stocks) Eng., Salacia reticulata Wight, Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn, and Curcuma longa Linn extracts was tested for free-radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidative effects on serum and platelets in vitro. The most active formulation (GSTC3) was evaluated for its hypolipidemic potential on a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet (HFD) fed to male Wistar rats for a period of 45 days. At a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight, GSTC3 decreased serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides, and phospholipids similar to standard atorvastatin while maintaining high-density lipoprotein (HDL) at normal levels. Significantly lower levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were observed in both the liver and sera of rats treated with GSTC3. Although the phospholipid levels in liver remained unchanged, lower values of LDL, VLDL, and atherogenic index of plasma as well as higher HMG-CoA/ mevalonate ratios suggested a significant hypolipidemic effect for GSTC3, possibly by partial inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity. The histopathological analysis of liver tissue did not reveal lipid accumulation or indicate tissue damage. Overall, the results of this study suggest the hypolipidemic and anti-atherogenic efficacy of a nontoxic herbal formulation.

Component Authentication and Standardisation of an Anti-atherosclerotic Herbal Formulation-GSTC3

“…24 The anti-atherosclerotic potential of the formulation has also been demonstrated through its efficacy in preventing serum oxidation, platelet peroxidation and hypolipidemic activity in high fat-diet fed rats with lethal dose 50 (LD 50 ) being above 5 g/kg bwt. 25 Based on these anti-atherosclerotic activities and its nontoxic nature, as well as the fact that both the individual components and the prepared formulation maintain the API standards, GSTC3 could prove to be a fruitful drug candidate against atherosclerosis. The consistency in batch to batch preparation of GSTC3 suggests its unique preparation.…”

High Cholesterol Disorders, Myocardial Infarction and Its Therapeutics

“…Polyherbal formulations prepared by using different proportions of Commiphora mukul (Hook ex Stocks) Eng., Salacia reticulata Wight, Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn, and Curcuma longa Linn showed anti-lipid peroxidative effects [63]. Today statins and biguanides are two prominent representatives of natural products which are mostly used against metabolic disease (Table 8).…”

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“…showed antilipid-peroxidative effects. [29] Today, statins and biguanides are two prominent representatives of natural products which are mostly used against metabolic disease.…”

“…[141] GSTC3 decreased serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides, and phospholipids at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight. [29] It causes hypolipidemic effect due to partial inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity. [29] Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 isolated from Cudrania cochinchinensis var.…”

“…[29] It causes hypolipidemic effect due to partial inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase activity. [29] Ginsenoside Rb1 and Rg1 isolated from Cudrania cochinchinensis var. gerontogea, [142] naphthalenic compounds 6-methoxysorigenin, and its glycosides [i.e., 6-methoxysorigenin-8-O-glucoside, alpha-sorinin, and 6-methoxysorigenin-8-rutinoside], two acylates (peracetate and perpropionate) from Rhamnus nakaharai showed antilipid peroxidation activity.…”