Development of an Antioxidant Phytoextract ofLantana grisebachiiwith Lymphoprotective Activity againstIn VitroArsenic Toxicity

Abstract

Phytochemicals have been presumed to possess prophylactic and curative properties in several pathologies, such as arsenic- (As-) induced immunosuppression. Our aim was to discover a lymphoprotective extract from Lantana grisebachii Stuck. (Verbenaceae) (LG). We assessed its bioactivity and chemical composition using cell-based assays. Fractions produced from a hexane extract acutely induced nitrite formation in T-activated cell cultures (P < 0.0001). Water extraction released a fraction lacking nitrite inducing activity in both lymphocyte types. Aqueous LG was found to be safe in proliferated and proliferating cells. The infusion-derived extract presented better antioxidant capacity in proportion to phenolic amount in lymphocytes (infusive LG-1i at 100 μg/mL), which protected them against in vitro As-induced lymphotoxicity (P < 0.0001). This infusive LG phytoextract contained 10.23 ± 0.43 mg/g of phenolics, with 58.46% being flavonoids. Among the phenolics, the only predominant compound was 0.723 mg of chlorogenic acid per gram of dry plant, in addition to 10 unknown minor compounds. A fatty acid profile was assessed. It contained one-third of saturated fatty acids, one-third of ω9, followed by ω6 (~24%) and ω3 (~4%), and scarce ω7. Summing up, L. grisebachii was a source of bioactive and lymphoprotective compounds, which could counteract As-toxicity. This supports its phytomedical use and research in order to reduce As-related dysfunctions.

Pehuén (Araucaria araucana) seed residues are a valuable source of natural antioxidants with nutraceutical, chemoprotective and metal corrosion-inhibiting properties

“…Total phenolic content in the extracts was determined following the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method [33] according to Soria et al [34] using gallic acid as reference. The tannin content estimate was based on their property of co-precipitating with proteins [35].…”

Sustainable and efficient protocols for in vitro germination and antioxidants production from seeds of the endangered species Araucaria araucana

“…Total phenolic contents (TPC) of piñón callus and embryo extracts were measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu method according to Soria et al [ 22 ]. Briefly, 50 μl of extract was mixed with 625 μl sodium carbonate (20%, w/v), 200 μl ultrapure water, and 125 μl Folin–Ciocalteu reagent (1 N).…”

“…Total flavonoid contents (TFC) of piñón callus and embryo extracts were determined by the aluminum chloride colorimetric method according to Soria et al [ 22 ]. The extracts (50 μl) were mixed with a solution containing 30 μl of 10% sodium nitrite, 60 μl of 20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate, 200 μl of 1 N NaOH, and 660 μl of water.…”

Modulation of Fatty Acids and Interleukin-6 in Glioma Cells by South American Tea Extracts and their Phenolic Compounds

“…Cellular viability was measured and confirmed by the resazurin-based assay. Briefly, viable cells were stained with resazurin (0.05 mg/ml in culture medium for 6 h) to record absorbance at 600 nm (GloMax-Multi microplate reader, Promega Corp., USA) (17). Cellular viability was a necessary condition to release IL-6 and consequently included in statistical models.…”