Development of an aquatic pathogen database (AquaPathogen X) and its utilization in tracking emerging fish virus pathogens in North America

Emmenegger, Eveline J.; Kentop, E.; Thompson, Tarin M.; Pittam, Sherry K.; Ryan, A.; Keon, Dylan; Carlino, J.A.; Ranson, Judith C.; Life, Rachel B.; Troyer, Ryan M.; Garver, Kyle A.; Kurath, Gael

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01270.x

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…If this is true, isolate TAVgr07-03 may represent an active mutation event as it occurred de novo and became dominant within a single fish, or it could represent introduction of both sequence types into the same fish. Similar genetic heterogeneity has been reported previously for a small number of field isolates of European VHSV (Einer-Jensen et al 2004), and for field isolates of the related fish rhabdovirus Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus in Kamchatka, Russia (Rudakova et al 2007), and in Europe (Enzmann et al 2010).The phylogenetic analysis presented here provided interesting insights into the relationship between Great Lakes IVb isolates and other VHSV isolates within major genogroup IV. As has been noted previously (Elsayed et al 2006, Lumsden et al 2007, Ammayappan & Vakharia 2009, the Great Lakes IVb clade of VHSV isolates is clearly distinct from that of the North Pacific IVa clade.…”

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confidence: 87%

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Emergence of Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American Great Lakes region is associated with low viral genetic diversity

et al. 2011

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Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is a fish rhabdovirus that causes disease in a broad range of marine and freshwater hosts. The known geographic range includes the Northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, and recently it has invaded the Great Lakes region of North Ame rica. The goal of this work was to characterize genetic diversity of Great Lakes VHSV isolates at the early stage of this viral emergence by comparing a partial glycoprotein (G) gene sequence (669 nt) of 108 isolates collected from 2003 to 2009 from 31 species and at 37 sites. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all isolates fell into sub-lineage IVb within the major VHSV genetic group IV. Among these 108 isolates, genetic diversity was low, with a maximum of 1.05% within the 669 nt region. There were 11 unique sequences, designated vcG001 to vcG011. Two dominant sequence types, vcG001 and vcG002, accounted for 90% (97 of 108) of the isolates. The vcG001 isolates were most widespread. We saw no apparent association of sequence type with host or year of isolation, but we did note a spatial pattern, in which vcG002 isolates were more prevalent in the easternmost sub-regions, including inland New York state and the St. Lawrence Seaway. Different sequence types were found among isolates from single disease outbreaks, and mixtures of types were evident within 2 isolates from individual fish. Overall, the genetic diversity of VHSV in the Great Lakes region was found to be extremely low, consistent with an introduction of a new virus into a geographic region with previously naïve host populations. KEY WORDS: Emerging infectious diseases · Fish disease · Fish rhabdovirus · Genotyping · Molecular epidemiology · Phylogenetic analysis · Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus · Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus · VHSV Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 96: [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] 2011 the 1950s (Wolf 1988, Smail 2000, Skall et al. 2005. Because outbreaks of VHSV are associated with acute systemic disease, hemorrhage, and mortality rates that can mount up to 90% in a broad range of susceptible species, VHSV is listed by the World Organization for Animal Health (formerly the Office International des Epizooties, still referred to as OIE) as one of only 9 reportable fish diseases (OIE 2010). In 1988, VHSV was first detected on the Pacific coast of North America (Meyers & Winton 1995). Subsequent surveys revealed an extensive reservoir of VHSV in wild marine fish of the northeast Pacific Ocean, and VHS epidemics have been reported in wild Pacific herring and sardines (Meyers & Winton 1995, Hedrick et al. 2003. VHSV has also been isolated from wild and farmed olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Japan and Korea (Nishizawa et al. 2002, Kim et al. 2003. Subsequent surveys in European waters also found an extensive VHSV reservoir involving many marine fish species (Skall et al. 2005). Therefore, prior to its recent emergence in the Great Lakes, VHSV was con...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

supporting

confidence: 87%

Emergence of Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American Great Lakes region is associated with low viral genetic diversity

et al. 2011

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“…Due to the economic impact of IHNV, VHSV, and SVCV, routine surveillance for these viruses is conducted in cultured host populations, and molecular epidemiology is a valuable tool for fish health management (Breyta et al, 2016; Emmenegger et al, 2011; Jonstrup et al, 2009). Local, regional, and global phylogenies have revealed sources of disease outbreaks, virus transmission routes, virus emergence events and host jumps (e.g.…”

Section: Rhabdoviruses In Aquatic Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The family Rhabdoviridae: mono- and bipartite negative-sense RNA viruses with diverse genome organization and common evolutionary origins

et al. 2017

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The family Rhabdoviridae consists of mostly enveloped, bullet-shaped or bacilliform viruses with a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome that infect vertebrates, invertebrates or plants. This ecological diversity is reflected by the diversity and complexity of their genomes. Five canonical structural protein genes are conserved in all rhabdoviruses, but may be overprinted, overlapped or interspersed with several novel and diverse accessory genes. This review gives an overview of the characteristics and diversity of rhabdoviruses, their taxonomic classification, replication mechanism, properties of classical rhabdoviruses such as rabies virus and rhabdoviruses with complex genomes, rhabdoviruses infecting aquatic species, and plant rhabdoviruses with both mono- and bipartite genomes.

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“…Molecular tools led to a better understanding of the differences among different VHSV strains, including virulence and host susceptibilities. The combined tools of the epidemiologist and the molecular virologist have clarified transmission dynamics of this pathogen and its rhabdovirus cousins, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus and spring viraemia of carp virus [12][13][14]. Risk-based surveillance has controlled disease in aquaculture settings, resulting in the elimination of VHSV from Denmark's rainbow trout O. mykiss farms [15].…”

Section: Systems-based and Iterative Approach To Disease Diagnosis (Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary approaches to diagnosing marine diseases: a union of the modern and the classic

Burge

Friedman

Getchell

et al. 2016

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Linking marine epizootics to a specific aetiology is notoriously difficult. Recent diagnostic successes show that marine disease diagnosis requires both modern, cutting-edge technology (e.g. metagenomics, quantitative real-time PCR) and more classic methods (e.g. transect surveys, histopathology and cell culture). Here, we discuss how this combination of traditional and modern approaches is necessary for rapid and accurate identification of marine diseases, and emphasize how sole reliance on any one technology or technique may lead disease investigations astray. We present diagnostic approaches at different scales, from the macro (environment, community, population and organismal scales) to the micro (tissue, organ, cell and genomic scales). We use disease case studies from a broad range of taxa to illustrate diagnostic successes from combining traditional and modern diagnostic methods. Finally, we recognize the need for increased capacity of centralized databases, networks, data repositories and contingency plans for diagnosis and management of marine disease.

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Development of an aquatic pathogen database (AquaPathogen X) and its utilization in tracking emerging fish virus pathogens in North America

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Emergence of Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American Great Lakes region is associated with low viral genetic diversity

Emergence of Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American Great Lakes region is associated with low viral genetic diversity

The family Rhabdoviridae: mono- and bipartite negative-sense RNA viruses with diverse genome organization and common evolutionary origins

Complementary approaches to diagnosing marine diseases: a union of the modern and the classic

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Development of an aquatic pathogen database (AquaPathogen X) and its utilization in tracking emerging fish virus pathogens in North America

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Emergence of Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American Great Lakes region is ­associated with low viral genetic diversity

Emergence of Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American Great Lakes region is ­associated with low viral genetic diversity

The family Rhabdoviridae: mono- and bipartite negative-sense RNA viruses with diverse genome organization and common evolutionary origins

Complementary approaches to diagnosing marine diseases: a union of the modern and the classic

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Emergence of Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American Great Lakes region is associated with low viral genetic diversity

Emergence of Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus in the North American Great Lakes region is associated with low viral genetic diversity