Development of an autoradiographic method of investigation of hot particles from the chernobyl nuclear power plant

Probability for Detecting Hot Particles in Environmental Samples by Sample Splitting

“…As mentioned, the frequency distributions observed for the activities of hot particles from the Chernobyl fallout or from other nuclear power plants are obviously in most cases lognormal [4][5][6][7][8][9] and exhibit a fairly large relative standard deviation. Mandjukov et al 7 reported, e.g., for the activity distribution of 38 hot particles (fuel fragments) a geometric mean of 12 kBq and a geometric standard deviation of 6.5.…”

“…Experimental investigations on the frequency distribution of the activities of hot particles in the Chernobyl fallout demonstrated repeatedly the presence of log-normal distributions of A hp . [4][5][6][7][8][9] For this reason we will assume throughout the following a log-normal distribution for the activities. As will be seen later, the calculated probabilities for the detection of hot particles will not depend on the geometric mean or median activity but only on the relative width (relative standard deviation) of the frequency distribution.…”

“…For that, A sub-sample, max and A sub-sample, min are found, and DA sub-samples is calculated using eqn. (4). If DA sub-samples !…”

Solid-state track detectors in radiometry, isotope analysis, and radiography

“…7. Activity of "hot particles" as a function of their diameter: (1) data for leaves and soil samples taken at distances of 1 and 5 km from CNPP in 1986 and 1990, respectively [105]; (2) data on soil samples taken at a distance of 600 m from CNPP in 1990 [106].…”