“…Smartphones can also be developed as low-cost measurement or sensing systems suitable for conducting experiments owing to their high-performance microprocessors and various sensors inside them [13], such as highresolution cameras, microphones, accelerometers, gyroscopes, magnetometers, GPS, flashlights, and loudspeakers [20]. Many teachers use smartphone applications (APP) to conduct experiments to assist teaching [16], such as vibration experiments [17], physics experiments [17,19,30], magnetic field measurements [23], signal and system laboratories [18], and Fourier analysis [24,26]. Some teachers even developed interactive APPs suitable for their own courses to assist teaching and improve learning outcomes [9,10].…”