Development of an efficient regeneration protocol for four Cyclamen species endemic to Turkey

Abstract

In this study, embryo-like structures (ELSs) were induced in four endemic Turkish Cyclamen species (C. cilicium Boiss. et Heldr., C. parviflorum Pobed., C. mirabile Hildebr. and C. pseudibericum Hildebr.) in the presence of 13 combinations of two plant growth regulators (PGRs) (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 6-(c,cdimethylallylamino)purine) and four explant types (ovules, ovaries, leaves and petioles). The ratio of callus induction, different stages of ELS formation and the conversion of ELSs to plantlets were quantified. The most effective explant types for callus induction were leaves (56 % for C. cilicium and 59 % for C. parviflorum) and petioles (80 % for C. mirabile and 100 % for C. pseudibericum). Callus growth from the leaves and petioles of C. cilicium was 30 days earlier than that of C. mirabile and C. pseudibericum. In contrast, most callus formed from the petioles of C. pseudibericum (100 %) in medium with 2.5 mg l -1 2,4-D and 1 mg l -1 2iP. The highest number of ELSs was obtained succesfully from petioles (2.5 mg l -1 2,4-D and 1 mg l -1 2iP) and ovaries (2.5 mg l -1 2,4-D and 0.5 mg l -1 2iP) of C. pseudibericum, in 39 % and as 32 % of explants, respectively. The percentage conversion of ELSs to plantlets was 38, 31, 16 and 15 % for C. mirabile, C. cilicium, C. pseudibericum and C. parviflorum, respectively. The plantlets were successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse with 54, 70, 63 and 25 % of C. cilicium, C. mirabile, C. pseudibericum and C. parviflorum plantlets, respectively surviving after transfer to ex vitro conditions. This paper describes a unique, reliable and consistent protocol for the induction of ELSs from four endangered endemic Turkish Cyclamen species, opening up the possibility of preserving these valuable genetic resources in vitro and also other applied biotechnologies that rely on a stable embryogenic or callus-based protocol.

A Review on Flower Bulb Micropropagation: Challenges and Opportunities

“…Recently, an efficient method for tulip regeneration via SE was developed [167,168]. Some reports on SE are also available by using leaf, petiole, ovary, anther, roots, and aseptic seedling tissues as explants in cyclamen [166,[169][170][171][172][173][174]. Aseptic seedling tissues (cotyledons, petioles, tubers, and roots) have also been used as explants to initiate SE culture in many medicinal and endemic geophytes (e.g., Crocus, Iris, Hypoxis, Colchicum, etc.)…”

“…The survival rate was found to be 72% [118]. In Cyclamen, ˙Izgü et al [169] obtained embryogenic-like structures (ELSs), which further germinated on PGR-free culture initiation medium (CIM). Developed plantlets were transplanted to pots with peat and sand, and successful acclimatization was achieved, with survival rates of 70%, 63%, 54%, and 25% for C. mirabile, C. pseudibericum, C. cilicium, and C. parviflorum, respectively.…”

Antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities of different parts of Cyclamen cilicium

“…Bulbs of all species in the Cyclamen genus are toxic due to the cyclamine saponin it contains. Cyclamen species, which have an important place in ornamental and medicinal plants, are used as laxatives and abortives in Sardinian folk medicine and are used in the treatment of infertility in Turkish folk medicine [14]. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity (DPPH free radical and ABTS radical cation scavenging activity), determination of contents (total phenolics, flavonoid and tannin contents) and antiproliferative activity of C. cilicium extracts on Caco-2 colon cancer cells by XTT assay.…”

In Vitro Rapid Multiplication of a Highly Valuable Ornamental Aquatic Plant Anubias Heterophylla

“…In vitro propagation is an important approach for mass multiplication and genetic resource conservation of many plant species, especially those under the threat of extinction for destruction or other natural reasons [6][7][8][9]. Propagation via division has been the most commonly used method for bulbous plants; however, the use of division risks the permanent loss of mother bulbs, and divisions are often limited by their intrinsic low regeneration rate and long juvenility [10].…”