“…Because the ultimate resolution of electron beam lithography ͑EBL͒ can be below 10 nm, and due to its high flexibility, compatibility, and availability, EBL is an important patterning method for nanosystems and devices, such as Coulomb blockade devices, [1][2][3] molecular electronics, 4,5 highdensity magnetic storage, 6 mold making for nanoimprint lithography, 7 and high-precision mask making, 8 among others. During the last four decades, many systems have been developed and processing techniques explored to achieve sub-10 nm fabrication resolution.…”