Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of pentachlorophenol residues in water samples

Abstract

An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for pentachlorophenol (PCP) was developed with a polyclonal antiserum produced against a hapten, 4-(2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-butyric acid, conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA). The ELISA of PCP showed an IC 50 of 18 ng/ml and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.9 ng/ml at the optimal concentration of NaCl (0.2 M) in the assay buffer. This assay was slightly affected by up to 10% (v/v) methanol or acetone. The IC 50 and A max values showed little change in a pH range of 5 and 7. Very low cross reactivities (52.5%) were observed for some structurally-related compounds, except for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol (5.6%) and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (9.2%). The average recoveries of PCP from fortified water were in the range of 71Á118%. The results by GC and ELISA for the same fortified water samples showed non-significant difference (p 0.05). Finally, this ELISA was applied to monitor PCP in 100 river water samples and no PCP was detected. This ELISA is a good alternative tool for monitoring PCP residues in water samples.

Development of a highly sensitive ELISA and immunochromatographic strip to detect pentachlorophenol

“…The hapten derivative was prepared as shown in Figure 1 (Xu et al, 2007). A solution of ethyl 4-bromobutyrate (1.58 g, 8.1 mmol) was slowly added to a suspension of tetrachlorohydroquinone (3 g, 12.15 mmol) and potassium carbonate (10 g, 72.5 mmol) in acetone (100 ml) under an argon atmosphere.…”

“…We optimized the standard diluent, including its ionic strength, pH, and the organic solvent used, according to previous reports (Xu et al, 2007;Suryoprabowo et al, 2014aSuryoprabowo et al, , 2014b. To analyze the effect of ionic strength, different concentrations of NaCl (0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.6%, or 3.2%) were added to the assay buffer.…”

“…Many analytical methods have been used to detect PCP, including electrochemical sensors (Feng et al, 2015), gas chromatography (GC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Yu et al, 2015), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) (Jiang, Zhang, Chen, Lv, & Zou, 2013), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (Han, Fang, & Yan, 2005;Kawaguchi et al, 2005;Shen et al, 2014), which are all complex, time-consuming, and expensive. Compared with these methods, an immunoassay is a sensitive, low-cost, and rapid technique that has already been reported to detect PCP (Abuknesha & Griffith, 2004;Emon & Gerlach, 1992;Oubina, Puig, Gascón, & Barceló, 1997;Lee, Ahn, Park, Kang, & Hammock, 2001;Noguera et al, 2002;Xu et al, 2007). Among these immunoassays, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 18 ng/ml was established.…”

The electrochemical oxidation of pentachlorophenol and its sensitive determination at chitosan modified carbon paste electrode

“…Several methods have been developed for the deter mination of PCP, including gas chromatography [6], high performance liquid chromatography [7], mem brane solid phase extraction [8], solid phase microextration [9], capillary electrophoresis [10], mass spectrometry [11], spectrophotometery [12], ellipsometry [13], phosphorescence [14], fluorescence [15], electrochemiluminescence [16], photoelectro chemical immunosensor [17] and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [18], etc. However, most of them are expensive and time consuming.…”