“…Lateral flow assay (LFA) has attracted much attention due to its advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and portability; moreover it is economical and has no need for highly skilled personnel (Pan et al, 2018). This popular detection method has been widely used for foodborne pathogens (Hwang et al, 2016;Song et al, 2016), heavy metal ions (Liu et al, 2012), hormones (Yang et al, 2015), and antibiotics (Wu et al, 2016). The most common method of LFA is gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-LFA (Ang et al, 2015;Pawade et al, 2016), but LFA of colored nanoparticles is often limited by low sensitivity, so that it is necessary to develop a technique with high sensitivity and low cost (Wang et al, 2019).…”