Development of an integrated two stage coal liquefaction process

Neuworth, M.B.; Moroni, E.C.

doi:10.1016/0378-3820(84)90013-4

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Aged Shell 324M catalysts were withdrawn from the LC-Fining (service mark of the CE-Lummus Co. and Cities Service Co.) Process Development Unit (PDU) in New Brunswick, NJ, and were supplied by Cities Service Co. In the LC-Fining process for hydrotreating coal liquids, the feedstock reacts with hydrogen in a series of three expanded catalyst beds at elevated temperatures and pressures to produce distillates which are low in sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen (Van Driesen et al, 1979;Chillingworth et al, 1980;Neuworth and Moroni, 1984). The catalyst in the expanded bed reactor is in a fluidized state, suspended by the upward flow of liquid and hydrogen.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The two catalysts used in this work are designated as 3LCF-7 and 3LCF-9, indicating that they were obtained at the end of PDU runs 3LCF7 and 3LCF9, respectively. As described by Neuworth and Moroni (1984), the feedstock to the expanded bed hydrotreater consisted of deashed 450+ °C material from a short contact time coal Neuworth and Moroni (1984). The age of the 3LCF-9 catalyst sample was reported to be over 1800 lb of 450+ °C material/(lb of catalyst) in terms of 450+ °C processed at the time of withdrawal (Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center, 1983a,b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Diffusional effects have also been found to be an important factor in the rate of catalyst deactivation by Stiegel et al (1982a). Substantial deposition of coke and metals in catalyst pores was found by Thomas and Sample (1980), Ocampo et al (1978), and Stiegel et al (1982b). Alpert et al (1971) describe a pore geometry which seeks to avoid the loss of accessability caused by such deposits.…”

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confidence: 87%

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Intraparticle diffusivity reduction during hydrotreatment of coal-derived liquids

Guin¹,

Tsai²,

Curtis³

1986

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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Measurements of effective intraparticle diffusivity were made by using aged catalysts withdrawn at various times from coal liquefaction expanded-bed hydrotreaters. Artifically aged catalysts from the laboratory were also used. Depending on the feed properties and the catalyst age, the effective intraparticle diffusivities were reduced, by up to 2 orders of magnitude, as compared to the corresponding values with the fresh catalyst. The data suggest a significant increase in catalyst pellet tortuosity because of deposition of materials inside pores during hydroprocessing activities, indicating a contributing factor to catalyst deactivation. The intraparticle diffusivity values could be partially restored through controlled oxidative regeneration.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 87%

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Intraparticle diffusivity reduction during hydrotreatment of coal-derived liquids

Guin¹,

Tsai²,

Curtis³

1986

Ind. Eng. Chem. Proc. Des. Dev.

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“…The creosote oil has been observed to incorporate into several coals (Narain et al, 1983a,b). Two-stage liquefaction is an alternative route, with each stage operating at its optimum condition (Neuworth and Moroni, 1984). Few studies of vehicle incorporation into coal have been reported for SCT operations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of temperature, coal, donor solvent, and hydrogen on short contact time liquefaction yields

Narain¹

1985

Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev.

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Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1985, 2 4 , 641-644 641 noted above, a total yield of single-ring phenols and hydrocarbons of 9.6 w t % would be calculated. This figure compares favorably with the total single-ring phenols' and hydrocarbon yields of less than 2 wt % obtained from pyrolysis alone. Conclusions 1. Preferred products from the hydrodeoxygenation of substituted guaiacols and catechols at temperatures of 250-325 "C were predominantly alkylated phenols and single-ring hydrocarbons, with combined molar yields of up to 0.60 observed. Conversion of these substrates to char was greatly reduced in comparison to pyrolysis alone.2. Hydrocracking of thermally stable biphenyl, diphenylmethane, and phenyl ether interaromatic unit linkages was achieved at temperatures of 280-330 OC during the hydrodeoxygenation of o,o'-biphenol, ohydroxydiphenylmethane, and phenyl ether substrates. Oxygen removal prior to interunit bond cleavage was also observed.3. These model compound results were applied to liquefaction of actual lignins. A 5-fold increase, relative to pyrolysis, in the total yield of single-ring phenols and hydrocarbons was predicted to occur from catalytic liquefaction at milder conditions than those required for pyrolysis. AcknowledgmentWe acknowledge the financial support of the Exxon Teaching Fellowship Program. We thank Drs. John Obst and Roger C. Pettersen of the USDA Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI, for providing GC/MS analyses. Registry No. Ligninphenyl ether, 101-84-8. Literature Cited Bredenberg. J. B-son; Ceylan, R. fuel 1983, 62. 342. Bredenberg. J. &son; Huuska, M.; Raty, J.; Korpio, M. J . Cstal. 1982, 77, 242. Connors, W. J.; Johanson, L. N.; Sarkanen, K. V.; Winsiow, P. Holzforschung 1980, 3 4 , 29. Domburg, 0. E.; Sergeeva, V. N.; Kalninsh, A. I. Therm. Anal., Proc. Int. Conf. 3rdThe liquefaction of different coals slurried in Koppers' creosote oil at short contact time (12 min) was studied at different reaction temperatures (300-450 "C). The influence of tetralln and hydrogen on short contact time (SCT) liquefaction ylelds and vehicle Incorporation was monitored. The data support the following concepts: (1) The conversion to tetrahydrofuran (THF) and pentane solubles of the reaction products increased with increasing temperature in all cases.(2) The presence of tetraiin or hydrogen enhanced the conversion to THF and pentane solubles; when both tetralln and hydrogen were present, the effects were additive for conversion to pentane solubles but not additive for conversion to THF solubles. (3) Both high temperature and the presence of a hydrogen source minimized vehicle incorporation into the coal and coal products.

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“…Since the late 1970s, coal liquefaction processes have been developed into integrated two-stage processes, in which coal is hydroliquefied in the first stage and the coal liquids are upgraded in the second stage (Schindler, 1989;Newworth, 1984;Comolli et al, 1993). Upgrading of the coal liquids is an important aspect of this approach and may determine whether such liquefaction can be economically feasible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrotreating of coal liquids.

Yang¹,

Stock²

1996

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Development of an integrated two stage coal liquefaction process

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Intraparticle diffusivity reduction during hydrotreatment of coal-derived liquids

Intraparticle diffusivity reduction during hydrotreatment of coal-derived liquids

Effect of temperature, coal, donor solvent, and hydrogen on short contact time liquefaction yields

Molecular catalytic hydrogenation of aromatic hydrocarbons and hydrotreating of coal liquids.

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