Development of an N-Free Culture Solution for Cultivation of Nodulated Soybean with Less pH Fluctuation by the Addition of Potassium Bicarbonate

Ohyama, Takuji; Takayama, Koyo; Akagi, Ayaka; Saito, Akihiro; Higuchi, Kyoko; Sato, Takashi

doi:10.3390/agriculture13030739

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The symptoms of P deficiency are not well defined in soybeans; however, it generally causes retarded plant growth, the presence of spindly and small leaves, and sometimes leaves with dark green color [26]. In our previous paper [27], the PO 4 concentration in the culture solution was optimum at 50 and 100 µM, and higher PO 4 concentrations over 150 µM reduced the plant growth and led to yellowing in the lower leaves. Foote and Howell [28] investigated the P tolerance and sensitivity of soybean varieties, and Lincoln plants exhibited decreased growth caused by P toxicity at P levels over 0.72 mM.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…At 7 days after planting (DAP), a seedling was transplanted into an 800 mL nitrogen-free nutrient solution in a 900 mL glass bottle covered with aluminum foil to shade the root and culture solutions. The composition of the nutrient solution was the same as the original composition in Table 1A in [27]. The pH of the culture solution was adjusted to 6.0 ± 0.2 with 0.1 M NaOH and 0.1 M HCl.…”

Section: Plant Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we investigated the absorption, transport, and accumulation of PO 4 in nodulated soybean plants cultivated with the original culture solution without adding potassium bicarbonate to maintain pH [27]. In the first experiment of this study, the soybean plants were cultivated either in an N-free solution or in a 5 mM NO 3 solution, and the changes in xylem sap flow rate and the concentrations of major nutrients in the xylem sap after cutting the shoot were measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absorption and Transport of Phosphorus in Nodulated Soybean Plants and Diagnosis of Phosphorus Status Using Xylem Sap Analysis

Yamamura,

Higuchi,

Saito

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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Phosphorus (P) is an essential major element for plants. The absorption and transport of P are important for soybean growth and yield, including nodule growth and N2 fixation. Through an analysis of xylem sap, we investigated how nodulated soybean plants absorb PO4 via the roots and transport it to the shoot. The nodulated soybean plants were treated with 0, 50, and 250 μM PO4 concentrations for 1, 3, 7, and 15 days. The PO4 concentration in the xylem sap significantly decreased after 1 day of P deprivation, and then it gradually decreased for 15 days. The high-concentration (250 μM PO4) treatment increased the PO4 concentrations in the xylem sap at 7- and 15-day timepoints but not at the 1- or 3-day timepoints. The soybean plants were treated with 0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 250, and 500 μM PO4 for 3 days. The PO4 absorption rate increased consistently in conjunction with the increase in the PO4 concentration; however, the PO4 concentrations in the xylem sap increased only from 0 to 50 μM PO4 but were constant under higher P concentrations. The soybean plants accumulated extra PO4 in the roots. The PO4 concentration in the xylem sap immediately reflected the P deficiency conditions; thus, this index may be used as an indicator for the diagnosis of P deficiency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Plant Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Absorption and Transport of Phosphorus in Nodulated Soybean Plants and Diagnosis of Phosphorus Status Using Xylem Sap Analysis

Yamamura,

Higuchi,

Saito

et al. 2024

Agriculture

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“…High ammonium concentrations from excessive nitrogen fertilization can decrease rhizobial motility, impairing their ability to effectively colonize plant roots [171]. Managing nitrogen fertilizer application is crucial to ensure optimal nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume crops while minimizing negative effects on rhizobia and the environment [172,173]. The contribution of motility to symbiotic recognition is essential in establishing and maintaining beneficial relationships between organisms [174][175][176].…”

Section: Effects Of N Fertilizer On Rhizobial Motilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis and Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Are Potential Options for Mitigating Climate Change

Abd-Alla,

Al-Amri,

El-Enany

2023

Agriculture

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This review article explores the impact of nitrogen fertilizers on the symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium bacteria and legume plants. Nitrogen fixation has the potential to address the global protein shortage by increasing nitrogen supply in agriculture. However, the excessive use of synthetic fertilizers has led to environmental consequences and high energy consumption. To promote sustainable agriculture, alternative approaches such as biofertilizers that utilize biological nitrogen fixation have been introduced to minimize ecological impact. Understanding the process of biological nitrogen fixation, where certain bacteria convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia, is crucial for sustainable agriculture. This knowledge helps reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers and maintain soil fertility. The symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium bacteria and leguminous plants plays a vital role in sustainable agriculture by facilitating access to atmospheric nitrogen, improving soil fertility, and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers. To achieve optimal nitrogen fixation and plant growth, it is important to effectively manage nitrogen availability, soil conditions, and environmental stressors. Excessive nitrogen fertilization can negatively affect the symbiotic association between plants and rhizobia, resulting in reduced soil health, altered mutualistic relationships, and environmental concerns. Various techniques can be employed to enhance symbiotic efficiency by manipulating chemotaxis, which is the ability of rhizobia to move towards plant roots. Plant-specific metabolites called (iso)flavonoids play a crucial role in signaling and communication between legume plants and rhizobia bacteria, initiating the symbiotic relationship and enhancing nitrogen fixation and plant growth. Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application can disrupt the communication between rhizobia and legumes, impacting chemotaxis, root exudation patterns, nodulation, and the symbiotic relationship. High levels of nitrogen fertilizers can inhibit nitrogenase, a critical enzyme for plant growth, leading to reduced nitrogenase activity. Additionally, excessive nitrogen can compromise the energy demands of nitrogen fixation, resulting in decreased nitrogenase activity. This review discusses the disadvantages of using nitrogenous fertilizers and the role of symbiotic biological nitrogen fixation in reducing the need for these fertilizers. By using effective rhizobial strains with compatible legume cultivars, not only can the amounts of nitrogenous fertilizers be reduced, but also the energy inputs and greenhouse gas emissions associated with their manufacturing and application. This approach offers benefits in terms of reducing greenhouse gas emissions and saving energy. In conclusion, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the impact of nitrogen fertilizers on the symbiotic relationship between Rhizobium and legume plants. It also discusses potential strategies for sustainable agricultural practices. By managing nitrogen fertilizers carefully and improving our understanding of the symbiotic relationship, we can contribute to sustainable agriculture and minimize environmental impact.

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“…Another strategy to minimize pH drift is to incorporate a buffer into the nutrient solution. Carbonates minimize pH drift by neutralizing acids, but they may bind nutrients (e.g., iron) when supplied in high concentrations (Argo and Fisher 2008;Ohyama et al 2023;Wallace and Abou-Zamzam 1984). Dolomitic limestone, a calcium and magnesium carbonate, is often used in soilless substrates, and potassium bicarbonate (KHCO 3 ) has been shown to be an effective pH buffer in soilless substrates and hydroponic solutions (Fisher et al 2006;Ohyama et al 2023;Pancerz and Altland 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Development of a Hydroponic Growing Protocol for Vegetative Strawberry Production

Yafuso,

Boldt

2024

horts

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Hydroponic growing systems are advantageous for nutrient studies in which root data are important because they alleviate the laborious and time-consuming task of washing roots to remove soilless substrate particulates from them. However, the growing system should be optimized for the crop of interest. Our overall objective was to develop a protocol for hydroponic strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa) production that provided growth equal to or better than soilless substrate. Plants were initially grown in perlite, sand, deep water culture (DWC), or a peat-based soilless substrate. Aboveground plant growth in DWC was similar to that of plants grown in the peat-based substrate and required minimal effort to harvest the entire root system. However, the pH of the DWC nutrient solution decreased to 4.0 ± 0.1 (mean ± SE) when plants were provided a modified strawberry (Yamazaki) nutrient solution with a ratio of nitrate (NO3−) to ammonium (NH4+) of 80:20. As a result, a subsequent trial was conducted to evaluate the buffering capacity of nutrient solutions with NO3− to NH4+ ratios of 0:100, 20:80, 50:50, 60:40, 80:20, or 100:0, with the addition of potassium bicarbonate (KHCO3). Up to 2.6 mM KHCO3 did not provide adequate buffering in nutrient solutions containing NH4+ (0:100 to 80:20 treatments), and nutrient solution pH decreased by ∼1.5 units every 2 to 3 days. The 100% NO3− nutrient solution, however, maintained a stable pH of 5.9 ± 0.1 when buffered with 0.8 mM KHCO3. Finally, 2(N-Morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) was evaluated as a potential buffering agent for DWC strawberry production. Plants were grown in a nutrient solution with a 60:40 ratio of NO3−:NH4+. The buffering capacity of the nutrient solution increased as the MES concentration supplied increased from 1 to 5 mM, and the 5 mM MES treatment maintained a pH of 5.6 ± 0.2. In summary, strawberry plants can successfully be grown hydroponically in DWC, provided that nutrient solution pH is adequately managed. The addition of MES buffer provided better pH stability than KHCO3.

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Development of an N-Free Culture Solution for Cultivation of Nodulated Soybean with Less pH Fluctuation by the Addition of Potassium Bicarbonate

Cited by 5 publications

References 25 publications

Absorption and Transport of Phosphorus in Nodulated Soybean Plants and Diagnosis of Phosphorus Status Using Xylem Sap Analysis

Absorption and Transport of Phosphorus in Nodulated Soybean Plants and Diagnosis of Phosphorus Status Using Xylem Sap Analysis

Enhancing Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis and Reducing Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Are Potential Options for Mitigating Climate Change

Development of a Hydroponic Growing Protocol for Vegetative Strawberry Production

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