“…In metabolic channels, the information is transferred within either temporarily or permanently formed enzyme complexes or nanocompartments through the local diffusion of small messenger molecules. To systematically elucidate the Bio-electricity, 73,74 ω-hydroxy acids 81 Bio-cellulose, 54 bio-ethanol, 3 unnatural base pair 64 Bio-ethanol, 10 p-hydroxy styrene 80 Unnatural L-4-nitro-Trp amino acid, 39 minimal cells 40 Bacterial cellulose, 53,159 γ-aminobutyric acid 160 mechanisms of metabolic channelling within enzymes and enzyme complexes through modelling, several efforts have been made, for example, with the development of the 'channel by proximity model', a straightforward approach where the active sites of enzymes are brought in close proximity. 165 Co-immobilization is another advanced approach relying upon the immobilization of multiple enzymes involved in a cascade of reactions, either onto a common solid support (organic, inorganic, or biopolymer) or by direct crosslinking.…”