Development of an Optimized Method to Obtain a Limonene‐Rich Concentrate from the Discarded Lemon Peels

Balci-Torun, Ferhan; Toprakçı, İrem; Deniz, Nahide Gülşah; Ortaboy, Sinem; Torun, Mehmet; Şahın, Selin

doi:10.1002/cbdv.202300767

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 39 publications

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“…Limonene (LIM), as a typical biobased monomer, is widely found within citrus fruits. , LIM is a monoterpene restricted to the Brassicaceae family and displays a variety of biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, analgesic, and gastroprotective properties. − Although LIM has a low monomer conversion in radical polymerization, it has many structural advantages. LIM contains two reactive carbon–carbon double bonds, endocyclic and exocyclic, with different polymerization reactivities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismaleimide and Biobased Limonene Copolymer Microspheres as Reactive Fillers to Fabricate Low-k, High-Toughness Cyanate Ester Resin Composites

Zhao,

Chen,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Bismaleimide and biobased copolymer microspheres (BMPL) of bis[4-(4-maleimidoyloxy)phenyl]propane (BMIP) and limonene (LIM) with different compositions are synthesized via self-stabilizing precipitation copolymerization and applied as reactive modifiers of 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl) propane (BADCy) resin. Due to the different reactivities of exo- and endocyclic vinyl groups in the LIM monomer, the content of the vinyl groups in the BMPL can be simply tuned by copolymerization temperature. There are some endocyclic double bonds of LIM in BMPL prepared at 75 °C but no observable endocyclic double bonds in BMPL prepared at 130 °C. The presence of LIM endocyclic double bonds in BMPL microspheres can effectively reduce the curing temperature of BADCy resin via the formation of chemical bonds between the BADCy matrix and BMPL microspheres but without expensing the heat resistance of the composites. The dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss (tan δ) of the BMPL/BADCy composite with the addition of 10 wt % of BMPL are 2.67 and 0.0034, respectively, at 106 Hz, which was much lower than those of pure BADCy (2.87, 0.0054). In addition, the maximum impact strength of the BMPL/BADCy composite at 10 wt % BMPL loading is 18.21 kJ/m2, which is 88.3% higher than that of pure BADCy. The BMPL/BADCy composite demonstrates low-k dielectric properties, high toughness, and thermal stability and has potential in the fields of electronic communication, aerospace, and aviation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bismaleimide and Biobased Limonene Copolymer Microspheres as Reactive Fillers to Fabricate Low-k, High-Toughness Cyanate Ester Resin Composites

Zhao,

Chen,

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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Effective recovery of limonene‐rich concentrate from lemon residues using terpene‐based deep eutectic solvents based on statistical experimental design

Horuzoğlu,

Satılmış,

Kurtulbaş

et al. 2024

Phytochemical Analysis

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IntroductionWaste by‐products of the juice industry appear valuable for the circular economy concept, considering that the peel accounts for almost half of the total fruit weight. Therefore, the recovery of these highly valuable components from relevant biowaste has become a very interesting research topic.ObjectiveThe current study aims to develop an extraction process integrated with hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent (DES) based on statistical experimental design approach.Material and methodsHomogenizer‐assissted extraction (HAE) was used to recover the citrus extract rich in limonene (the main component of the volatile mixture) from lemon peels. Menthol‐based deep eutectic mixtures were accompanied by carboxylic acids (formic, acetic, and propionic acids). Optimization continued on the combination that gave the highest efficiency (in terms of limonene content) among the solvents prepared at different molar ratios (1/1, 1/2, and 2/1). Process parameters were analyzed to optimize the process through central composite design with response surface method (RSM). D‐Limonene yield was quantified with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) with solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) technique. The quality of the lemon peel extracts was also evaluated with respect to in vitro bioactivity assays (phenolic content and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl [DPPH] free radical scavenging activity).ResultsThe maximum yield (3.80 mg‐limonene per g fresh sample) was achieved by 2 mg solid/30 mL DES, ~53 sec, and ~8500 rpm. Statistically most effective variable was identified as solid mass, followed by second powers of mixing speed and extraction time at p < 0.0001.

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Development of an Optimized Method to Obtain a Limonene‐Rich Concentrate from the Discarded Lemon Peels

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Bismaleimide and Biobased Limonene Copolymer Microspheres as Reactive Fillers to Fabricate Low-k, High-Toughness Cyanate Ester Resin Composites

Bismaleimide and Biobased Limonene Copolymer Microspheres as Reactive Fillers to Fabricate Low-k, High-Toughness Cyanate Ester Resin Composites

Effective recovery of limonene‐rich concentrate from lemon residues using terpene‐based deep eutectic solvents based on statistical experimental design

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