Patients receiving durable mechanical circulatory support (MCS) require life-long
anticoagulation with a vitamin K antagonist (VKA). Due to alternations in hemostasis,
concomitant therapy with antiplatelet agents and critical illness, they are at increased
risk of thromboembolic and bleeding complications compared with the general population
managed on VKAs. To prevent thrombotic events, current guidelines recommend that patients
with MCS receive long-term anticoagulation with a VKA to maintain a target international
normalized ratio (INR) as specified by device manufacturers, but limited data exist
regarding specific routine management of anticoagulation therapy and its potential
complications. To optimize anticoagulation management and minimize risk in these patients,
we have centralized anticoagulation management in a collaborative approach between the
inpatient hemostatic and antithrombotic (HAT) stewardship service and between ambulatory
anticoagulation management service (AMS) and the advanced heart disease team. Patients are
followed by these three services beginning when the device is implanted and extending the
duration that patients have the device. The teams include multiple clinicians from cardiac
surgery, cardiology, hematology, pharmacy, nursing, case management, nutrition, and
psychiatry, therefore, in order to standardize practice among clinicians without
compromising patient centered decision making, we assembled an interdisciplinary team to
create multiple treatment guidelines. In addition to a centralized and collaborative
approach, our guidelines ensure seamless transitions of care between the inpatient and
outpatient settings. We believe our approach has demontrated a positive improvement in the
care of these challenging patients. In this article, we present our comprehensive
centralized anticoagulation management approach for patients with left ventricular assist
systems (LVAS).