Development of animated facial expressions to express emotions in a robot: RobotIcon

Danev, Lukas; Hamann, Marten; Fricke, Nicolas; Hollarek, Tobias; Paillacho, Dennys

doi:10.1109/etcm.2017.8247472

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Currently, the evaluation of the degree of anthropomorphism in robot facial expressions is mainly achieved by obtaining the recognition rate through subject recognition experiments [ 40 , 41 ]. This evaluation method effectively measures the realism of the facial expressions achieved by the humanoid robot head.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Expression Realization of Humanoid Robot Head and Strain-Based Anthropomorphic Evaluation of Robot Facial Expressions

Yan,

Song,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Biomimetics

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The facial expressions of humanoid robots play a crucial role in human–computer information interactions. However, there is a lack of quantitative evaluation methods for the anthropomorphism of robot facial expressions. In this study, we designed and manufactured a humanoid robot head that was capable of successfully realizing six basic facial expressions. The driving force behind the mechanism was efficiently transmitted to the silicone skin through a rigid linkage drive and snap button connection, which improves both the driving efficiency and the lifespan of the silicone skin. We used human facial expressions as a basis for simulating and acquiring the movement parameters. Subsequently, we designed a control system for the humanoid robot head in order to achieve these facial expressions. Moreover, we used a flexible vertical graphene sensor to measure strain on both the human face and the silicone skin of the humanoid robot head. We then proposed a method to evaluate the anthropomorphic degree of the robot’s facial expressions by using the difference rate of strain. The feasibility of this method was confirmed through experiments in facial expression recognition. The evaluation results indicated a high degree of anthropomorphism for the six basic facial expressions which were achieved by the humanoid robot head. Moreover, this study also investigates factors affecting the reproduction of expressions. Finally, the impulse was calculated based on the strain curves of the energy consumption of the humanoid robot head to complete different facial expressions. This offers a reference for fellow researchers when designing humanoid robot heads, based on energy consumption ratios. To conclude, this paper offers data references for optimizing the mechanisms and selecting the drive components of the humanoid robot head. This was realized by considering the anthropomorphic degree and energy consumption of each part. Additionally, a new method for evaluating robot facial expressions is proposed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Expression Realization of Humanoid Robot Head and Strain-Based Anthropomorphic Evaluation of Robot Facial Expressions

Yan,

Song,

Zhou

et al. 2024

Biomimetics

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“…Dyck et al [38] discovered that the facial expressions created by virtual reality technology could hardly convey the sense of disgust, although they could easily convey the sense of sadness and fear. As pointed out by Danev et al [39], the mouth is the key element for conveying emotions, but may lead to confused emotional expression. Via the mouth, neutral emotions have the least recognition degree, while anger is easiest to be expressed.…”

Section: Conveying Emotion By Facial Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of real faces, a simplified comic style was adopted in the interface. This not only makes it easier to control facial expressions, but also avoids misinformation [39].…”

Section: Interface Prototype Design and Manipulation Checkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Role of Visual Design in Digital Public Health Safety Education

Bao

2021

IJERPH

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In this research, the positive role of interface visual design in digital safety education was verified taking COVID-19 prevention and control knowledge as the content of public health safety education, where interface emotion (positive, negative, and neutral) and interface layout (waterfall typed and juxtaposition typed) were regarded as independent variables, and readers’ understanding, course evaluation and system usability score were dependent variables. As revealed in the results of a 3 × 2 two-factor experiment in which 252 college students participated: first, different interface emotion can cause significantly different understanding, where negative emotion has the best learning transfer effect; second, due to the difference in interface emotion, participants may give certain courses significantly different evaluation scores, while positive emotional interface contributes to the obviously high scores of three course-evaluation items, “appeal of the lesson”, “enjoyment of the lesson” and “interface quality”; third, significantly different system usability can be caused by different interface layout, where waterfall-type layout enjoys higher appraisal from users; fourth, interface emotion and interface layout have a similar interactive effects in terms of “effort of the lesson” and “interface quality”, where waterfall-type layout is favored in terms of positive emotional interface, and juxtaposition-type layout is more advantageous in terms of negative emotional interface. These results are of vital significance for interface design and safety education. Further, the visual design method for interface emotion and interface layout were analyzed to determine the most suitable design principles so as to improve the effect of digital public health safety education and provide constructive ideas for fighting against COVID-19 at the educational level.

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“…In general, a variety of different approaches to convey emotions exists. Most of the research on emotions in HRI focuses on expression of emotion using capabilities of the existing robots such as motion [57], facial expressions [6,11,28,55], color [30,53], sound [30,58], or touch [3]. However, to the best of our knowledge, incorporating emotions into human-robot interaction as an interaction modality and a way to communicate information, namely mission statements in the specific USAR context, has not been studied in the HRI community so far.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Emotions to Complement Multi-Modal Human-Robot Interaction in Urban Search and Rescue Scenarios

Akgun

Ghafurian

Crowley

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Multimodal Interaction

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An experiment is presented to investigate whether there is consensus in mapping emotions to messages/situations in urban search and rescue scenarios, where efficiency and effectiveness of interactions are key to success. We studied mappings between 10 specific messages, presented in two different communication styles, reflecting common situations that might happen during search and rescue missions, and the emotions exhibited by robots in those situations. The data was obtained through a Mechanical Turk study with 78 participants. Our findings support the feasibility of using emotions as an additional communication channel to improve multi-modal human-robot interaction for urban search and rescue robots, and suggests that these mappings are robust, i.e. are not affected by the robot's communication style.

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Development of animated facial expressions to express emotions in a robot: RobotIcon

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Facial Expression Realization of Humanoid Robot Head and Strain-Based Anthropomorphic Evaluation of Robot Facial Expressions

Facial Expression Realization of Humanoid Robot Head and Strain-Based Anthropomorphic Evaluation of Robot Facial Expressions

Exploring the Role of Visual Design in Digital Public Health Safety Education

Using Emotions to Complement Multi-Modal Human-Robot Interaction in Urban Search and Rescue Scenarios

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