Development of Ankle-Foot Orthosis with the Integration of IoT Controller

Wahid, Abdul Muqtadir Ab; Tardan, Giha; Pangesty, Azizah Intan; Rashid, Helmi; Abdullah, Abdul Hakim

doi:10.46338/ijetae0522_06

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In the fabrication procedure, both the upper and lower arm holders were created using a 3D printer capable of working with PLA and ABS materials. The selection of these materials was based on their widespread availability and common use in the development of adaptive devices and prototypes, as highlighted in previous studies (Wahid et al, 2022;Mazlan et al, 2021). The design model was generated using Autodesk Fusion360 CAD software and then exported in stereolithography (.stl) format to the slicing software Ultimaker Cura.…”

Section: Fabrication Of the Assistive Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For both arm orthosis components, a thickness of 5mm and an infill density of 20% were selected for 3D printing manufacturing. These parameter settings were informed by prior research (Wahid et al, 2022;Mazlan et al, 2021;Hamzah et al, 2019) while considering printing cost and orthosis weight. Safety factors and the weight-to-performance ratio were crucial in achieving a promising product.…”

Section: Fabrication Of the Assistive Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Patient-Specific Adaptive Assistive Devices for Brachial Plexus Injury

Rashid,

Haremy,

Othman

et al. 2024

IJTech

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Injury to the brachial plexus prevents the arm, wrist, and hand from communicating with the spinal cord in whole or in part. The 'patient's upper arm limb appears to be completely incapable of performing any type of independent movement. The aim of this project is to design and develop a customized adaptive assistive device for patients with brachial plexus injury and to fabricate the prototype using 3D printing technology. The development of the device involved adapting the mechanical engineering design process, including conceptual design and finite element analysis, to predict the performance of the design and to select the best printing materials. The patient's left arm was 3D scanned to create a customized part that perfectly fit the patient. The 3D model of the prototype was developed using Autodesk Fusion 360 and Autodesk TinkerCAD. Two different materials, namely Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), were considered in the computational analysis. Results show that the maximum von Misses stress of PLA is observed at 2.464 MPa, slightly higher than the ABS material (2.451 MPa), indicating a greater stress tolerance imposed on the material's strength. However, PLA has a smaller maximum displacement than ABS, at 0.019 mm and 0.030 mm, respectively. The PLA material was chosen for 3D printing based on several considerations, including mechanical qualities, cost, printing time, durability, and data evaluation. The adaptive device for brachial plexus injury was successfully delivered to the patient and demonstrated the capability to assist in arm movement.

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Section: Fabrication Of the Assistive Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fabrication Of the Assistive Devicementioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Patient-Specific Adaptive Assistive Devices for Brachial Plexus Injury

Rashid,

Haremy,

Othman

et al. 2024

IJTech

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“…The control system used to control the movement of the AFO is an on-off control system based on a rotary encoder sensor input (Rotary Encoder type LPD3806-100BM-G5-24C, China) that reads the angle of foot movement according to the walking phase [24,25]. Arduino Uno as a microcontroller provides output to the servo motor (Tower Pro MG995, Capacity 10 kg) in the form of an angle rotation to provide a moment on the ankle to improve the maximum angle of dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of drop-foot patients.…”

Section: Control Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Ankle-Foot Orthosis Using Servo Motor with On-Off Control System for Drop-Foot

Ubaidillah,

Utomo,

Wulansari

et al. 2023

Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng.

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This research addresses the imperative need for a lightweight, compact, and efficient design of an Active Ankle-Foot Orthosis (AFO), with the potential for everyday use and enhancement of gait cycles in individuals with drop-foot. The proposed AFO employs a servo motor to generate ankle moments based on gait phase detection, ensuring low power consumption and a structurally lightweight configuration. The study encompasses a kinematic analysis of the gait mechanism utilizing a graphical method, facilitating the determination of the requisite force for the motor actuator. Additionally, a finite element approach is employed to assess the strength of linkages. The connecting mechanism utilizes Poly (methyl methacrylate) or PMMA board due to its lightweight nature and ease of fabrication. Based on the simulation result, the minimum safety factor of link bars was 1.8. While, based on the kinematic analysis, the minimum required torque that should be provided by the servo motor is 3.838 Nm. The servo motor serves as the active element within the AFO, and an on-off control system, driven by a rotary encoder detecting gait phases, governs the AFO's movement. Ankle joint angle readings obtained through AFO implementation exhibit values within the range of normal individuals. The entire control system operates with remarkably low power consumption, registering at 0.06 W over one running cycle. Based on these analyses, a prototype has been developed for further evaluation in patient trials, underscoring the potential efficacy and practicality of the proposed active AFO design.

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Automatic Knee Lock-Release System for a Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (KAFO) with IOT Monitoring System in Real Time

Diaz-Hernandez,

Santos-Borráez,

Ruiz

et al. 2023

IFMBE Proceedings

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Development of Ankle-Foot Orthosis with the Integration of IoT Controller

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Development of Patient-Specific Adaptive Assistive Devices for Brachial Plexus Injury

Development of Patient-Specific Adaptive Assistive Devices for Brachial Plexus Injury

Development of Ankle-Foot Orthosis Using Servo Motor with On-Off Control System for Drop-Foot

Automatic Knee Lock-Release System for a Knee-Ankle-Foot Orthosis (KAFO) with IOT Monitoring System in Real Time

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