Development of antimicrobial composite coatings for drug release in dental, orthopaedic and neural prostheses applications

Abstract

While one of the major clinical and scientific challenges in the management of implant-related infections and postoperative complications after surgery is the application of new techniques, a new approach is pertinent in the design of medical implants to reduce bacterial infections. We have designed and tested antibiotic-containing biocomposite thin films of polylactic acid (PLA), and coralline-derived hydroxyapatite (HAp) as controlled drug delivery systems for the treatment of dental, orthopaedic and neural implant-related post-operative infections. These films can be applied to complicated designs of dental, miniaturized neural devices, cochlear or total hip replacement (THR) implants by spray or dip-coating techniques. Current results reveal that the devices could release antibiotic in a controlled manner to prevent significantly bacterial growth and biofilm production. Hydroxyapatite within the composites controls the release rate and also supplies minerals, such as calcium Ca 2+ and phosphate PO 4 2− ions, which are essential minerals for bone tissue regeneration. It is concluded from the physical, mechanical and biological properties that these coatings and devices could easily be utilized in a wide range of biomedical applications.

In vitro testing and efficacy of poly‐lactic acid coating incorporating antibiotic loaded coralline bioceramic on Ti6Al4V implant against Staphylococcus aureus

“…The size, distribution and location of Gm and HAp‐Gm particles into the PLA biocomposite thin film and the particles protruding out from the surfaces, change the dissolution rate. Especially the large loosely bound agglomerated HAp‐Gm clusters observed on its surface and smaller Gm particles as shown in Figure 2d increases the initial drug release as a burst effect as it was shown previously on thin films without any substrate (Karacan et al., 2019b; Macha et al., 2018).…”

“…In the past, in order to decrease the risk of implant‐tissue (specifically bone) related bacterial infections, a variety of implant designs have been developed. These include surface modifications with the aim of preventing the initial bacterial attachment, the incorporation of silver nanoparticles (De Giglio et al., 2013; Pan et al., 2018), attachment‐resistant polymeric coatings (Kargupta et al., 2014), and drug delivery coating systems containing antibiotics (Macha et al., 2018). However, the long term, steady and controlled release of antibiotics from an implant remains a challenge.…”

Mechanistic Insights into Interactions at Urea–Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle Interface

“…These novel systems contain numerous advantages such as enhanced bioavailability, controlled and prolonged release, greater efficacy, and safety. − Moreover, the development of controlled release nanohybrids by encapsulating biomolecules into hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HA-Nps) have recently gained popularity. HA-Nps are considered as promising candidates in medicinal applications due to their bioactivity and biocompatibility. − As a rich source of phosphorus, HA-Nps are also used in the field of agriculture. − Furthermore, hydroxyapatite surface offers rich opportunities for the immobilization of strategic chemicals through systematic surface modification. ,− However, the impact of surface morphology of HA-Nps on the encapsulation/release mechanism of these biomolecules remains to be explored. This requires a systematic study that monitors adsorption and desorption behavior in situ and in real time.…”

A review on polylactic acid‐based blends/composites and the role of compatibilizers in biomedical engineering applications

“…296 The thin composite films of PLA and coralline-derived HA were utilized for better drug stabilization, higher drug encapsulation efficiency, neutralizing implant-related post-operative infections, promoting biofilm production and controlling bacterial growth. 298 Shapovalova et al 299 performed a pilot experiment on PLA/HA biocomposite surface, where the human primary monocytes were cultivated. The result shows the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines improves antiinflammatory properties.…”