Development of arc–continent collision mélanges: Linking onshore geological and offshore geophysical observations of the Pliocene Lichi Mélange, southern Taiwan and northern Luzon arc, western Pacific

Chi, Wu‐Cheng; Chen, Liwen; Liu, Char‐Shine; Brookfield, Michael E.

doi:10.1016/j.tecto.2014.08.009

Cited by 16 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(120 reference statements)

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“…This idea is compatible with, but distinct from, the “retrowedge evolution model” of Chi et al . [] to explain the combined tectonic and sedimentary characteristics found in the Lichi mélange.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Chi et al . [] invoked a relatively strong retrowedge that includes fore‐arc basement to generate a steep taper angle and promote extensive mass wasting. This model explains the Lichi mélange forming by the combination of back thrusting (tectonic) and mass wasting (sedimentary) processes during basin inversion.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…One factor that might contribute to a muted expression is the abundant mass wasting previously described for the Huatung ridge [ Hirtzel et al ., ] and invoked in the Chi et al . [] “retrowedge evolution model” for formation of the Lichi mélange. Chi et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[], and Chi et al . [] argued that back thrusting in this area accommodates partial closure of the fore‐arc basin and places fore‐arc basement onto the flank of the Luzon arc. The Huatung ridge (Figure ) is an expression of this process [ Hirtzel et al ., ].…”

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismogenic strain across the transition from fore‐arc slivering to collision in southern Taiwan

2015

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Tectonic slivers have profound implications on the mechanical behavior of fore arcs and subduction zones. Southern Taiwan is characterized by precollision fore‐arc slivering that likely exerts important controls on the evolution of collision. Inversion of focal mechanism solutions for seismogenic strain reveals spatially partitioned plate motion south of Taiwan, with dip‐slip faulting nearer the Manila trench and strike‐slip faulting nearer the Luzon arc. To the north these kinematics are less clearly segregated, and both types of faults appear to occur in the same volume of crust. Further north deformation is dominated by oblique slip on potentially reactivated steep reverse faults in the collision zone. Existing work on the active fault zones in Taiwan suggests that the subduction‐to‐collision transition is marked by a releasing step between the strike‐slip fault that bounds the fore‐arc sliver and the oblique thrusts of the collision zone. This configuration may help to explain the lack of fore‐arc basement and cover exposed in the suture zone marked by the Longitudinal Valley.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tectonic Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismogenic strain across the transition from fore‐arc slivering to collision in southern Taiwan

2015

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“…Later studies demonstrate that these stratified sedimentary rock occurrences are limited in their lateral extent, and that they represent exotic blocks of sedimentary broken formation, that were likely forearc basement incorporated into the mélange by two tectonic thrusting events during arc‐continent collision (Chang et al, , ; W. H. Chen et al, ; Huang et al, , ). The retrowedge evolution model is proposed to reconcile conflicting interpretations of the olistostrome model and the tectonic collision model (Chi et al, ; Malavieille et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical and Geochronological Constraints on the Origin and Emplacement of the East Taiwan Ophiolite

Lin

Harris

Sun

et al. 2019

Geochem Geophys Geosyst

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The East Taiwan Ophiolite (ETO) occurs as blocks and thrust sheets associated with the Lichi Mélange in the Coastal Range of eastern Taiwan. The blocks consist of serpentinized harzburgite, serpentinite breccia, gabbro, dikes of dolerite and plagiogranite, pillow basalts, and red clay within a mud‐ and serpentinite‐rich mélange matrix. New U‐Pb zircon dating of a pegmatite gabbro yields a weighted mean age of 16.65 ± 0.20 Ma. This age is earlier than the North Luzon Arc but overlaps with the late‐stage spreading of the South China Sea. ETO glassy basalt has low K2O, MgO and high CaO contents, similar to MORB. REE and trace element patterns show both N‐MORB patterns with LREE depletion and E‐MORB patterns with slight LREE enrichment. A few samples show slight depletion in Nb‐Ta and Ti and enrichment in Rb, Ba, U and Sr, indicating a hint of subduction influence. Most ETO basalt plots within the overlapping fields of N‐MORB and BABB on Ti‐V, Cr‐Y, Nb/Yb‐Th/Yb, and Hf/3‐Th‐Ta discrimination diagrams. These geochemical compositions are emblematic of mid‐ocean ridge or back‐arc lava, like South China Sea basalt. We interpret ETO basalt and gabbro as fragments of the subducted South China Sea basement that were scrapped off and accreted to the Luzon forearc during the process of subduction initiation along the Manila Trench. Blocks of mantle material in the mélange may originate from the upper plate of the arc‐continent collision and were mixed with lower plate crustal material in a subduction channel now represented by the Lichi Mélange.

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Stratigraphy and provenance of forearc sequences in the Lichi Mélange, Coastal Range: Geological records of the active Taiwan arc‐continent collision

et al. 2017

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The Lichi Mélange in the Coastal Range, eastern Taiwan, is considered as sheared forearc sequences. However, the age of these sequences is still uncertain, and their significance for the arc‐continent collision has been overlooked. Based on field surveys and micropaleontological analysis, four independent biostratigraphic units ranging from <8.5 to 3.0 Ma are discerned in the Lichi Mélange. These units are obviously older than the remnant forearc sequences in the east (3.4–1.2 Ma), supporting the interpretation that the Lichi Mélange arose from the shearing of the lower forearc basin sequences. The stratigraphy also suggests that the older forearc strata (<8.5–3.4 Ma) were deformed and uplifted as a bathymetric high similar to the Huatung Ridge in the western North Luzon Trough by arcward back thrusting before 3.4 Ma, while sedimentation continued in the remnant forearc basin in the east during 3.4–1.2 Ma. The older forearc strata possess vitrinite reflectance values even lower than those of the remnant forearc sequences, which also supports that they were uplifted by back thrusting and therefore did not experience significant burial. Neodymium isotope analysis shows that the <8.5–6.4 Ma forearc sediments were sourced from both the volcanic arc and the accretionary prism, indicating the emergence of the accretionary prism within <8.5–6.4 Ma. It might have resulted from the underplating of thinned continental crust and provides a good time constraint for the onset of arc‐continent collision. The post 6.4 Ma forearc sediments were mainly derived from the accretionary prism, reflecting its constant uplift and large‐scale exposure.

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Development of arc–continent collision mélanges: Linking onshore geological and offshore geophysical observations of the Pliocene Lichi Mélange, southern Taiwan and northern Luzon arc, western Pacific

Cited by 16 publications

References 67 publications

Seismogenic strain across the transition from fore‐arc slivering to collision in southern Taiwan

Seismogenic strain across the transition from fore‐arc slivering to collision in southern Taiwan

Geochemical and Geochronological Constraints on the Origin and Emplacement of the East Taiwan Ophiolite

Stratigraphy and provenance of forearc sequences in the Lichi Mélange, Coastal Range: Geological records of the active Taiwan arc‐continent collision

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