Development of Behavior Systems

Hogan, Jerry A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1209-7_7

Cited by 17 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…This is testament to the crucial role of learning in natural behaviour and is coherent with a wealth of results showing that even stimuli proximal to primary reinforcements are often not recognized innately. For example, dogs do not salivate at the sight of meat until they have tasted it a few times [110,111], and similar results have been obtained with many mammals and birds [5,6]. …”

Section: Applications To Learning Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 82%

The power of associative learning and the ontogeny of optimal behaviour

2016

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Behaving efficiently (optimally or near-optimally) is central to animals' adaptation to their environment. Much evolutionary biology assumes, implicitly or explicitly, that optimal behavioural strategies are genetically inherited, yet the behaviour of many animals depends crucially on learning. The question of how learning contributes to optimal behaviour is largely open. Here we propose an associative learning model that can learn optimal behaviour in a wide variety of ecologically relevant circumstances. The model learns through chaining, a term introduced by Skinner to indicate learning of behaviour sequences by linking together shorter sequences or single behaviours. Our model formalizes the concept of conditioned reinforcement (the learning process that underlies chaining) and is closely related to optimization algorithms from machine learning. Our analysis dispels the common belief that associative learning is too limited to produce ‘intelligent’ behaviour such as tool use, social learning, self-control or expectations of the future. Furthermore, the model readily accounts for both instinctual and learned aspects of behaviour, clarifying how genetic evolution and individual learning complement each other, and bridging a long-standing divide between ethology and psychology. We conclude that associative learning, supported by genetic predispositions and including the oft-neglected phenomenon of conditioned reinforcement, may suffice to explain the ontogeny of optimal behaviour in most, if not all, non-human animals. Our results establish associative learning as a more powerful optimizing mechanism than acknowledged by current opinion.

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Section: Applications To Learning Phenomenamentioning

confidence: 82%

The power of associative learning and the ontogeny of optimal behaviour

2016

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“…Smiling is considered a prefunctional response (available at birth or very shortly thereafter –Hogan, 2001). It takes different forms (Messinger, Fogel, & Dickson, 2001) and is commonly (but not invariably) an indicator of a positive internal state: the ‘pleasant physiological state reflected in the neonatal smile’ (Sroufe & Waters, 1976, p. 187).…”

Section: Part 1: Development Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A model of preverbal social development and its application to social dysfunctions in autism

Berger

2006

Child Psychology Psychiatry

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Studies of early face perception are used to develop a model of how face expressions might be transduced to initiate consonant internal affect, related outward expressions and other behaviours. Underlying neural mechanisms and processes are identified. The model is generalised to offer an account of aspects of typical preverbal social development. It is then used to develop aetiological hypotheses about the lack of social interest and motivation in autism and to provide a framework for evaluating other theories of autism. Although derived from existing literature, the model offers a distinctive account.

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“…In contrast to consummatory components, appetitive components of feeding are acquired with experience (Changizi, McGehee, & Hall, 2002;Craig, 1918;Hall, Arnold, & Myers, 2000). The motor patterns of feeding behavior vary according to the requirements for food acquisition and consumption; in all cases, however, the patterns accurately reflect activity in central motor circuits that generate the behavior (Hogan, 2001). As we shall see, the motor patterns that characterize adult-like feeding differ from those that characterize suckling, which is a developmentally unique mode of feeding.…”

Section: What Is Feeding Behavior?mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Before discussing the functional development of central feeding circuits, we must first define "feeding behavior" (Hogan, 2001). We say that a rat is feeding when it performs voluntary motor functions that culminate in swallowing food.…”

Section: What Is Feeding Behavior?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Perceptual Mechanisms. Perceptual (i.e., sensory) neural circuits comprise the afferent side of the feeding system, and directly impact the initiation and termination of neural activity within feeding motor circuits (Hogan, 2001). Perceptual circuits monitor various qualities of food substances prior to and during their consumption, and also monitor ongoing environmental events and changes in the organism's internal physiological state.…”

Section: What Is Feeding Behavior?mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postnatal Development of Central Feeding Circuits

Rinaman

Neurobiology of Food and Fluid Intake

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Development of Behavior Systems

Cited by 17 publications

References 137 publications

The power of associative learning and the ontogeny of optimal behaviour

The power of associative learning and the ontogeny of optimal behaviour

A model of preverbal social development and its application to social dysfunctions in autism

Postnatal Development of Central Feeding Circuits

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