Abstract:In this paper sandwich wrinkling, or local face sheet instability, is treated in the context of material failure. Traditionally, test results rarely comply well with the predicted failure load and a knockdown factor often has to be used. The reason for this is often referred to being the effect of initial geometrical imperfections. In this paper, imperfections are included in the form of the natural waveform given by the linear stability analysis, i.e., a short wavelength sinusoidal buckling shape. These initial imperfections lead to increased displacements during loading giving rise to both in-plane compressive strain and a varying bending strain. These strains can then be related to material failure criteria, one for the face sheet compressive strain and one for the core normal strain. An analytical model is derived and compared to experimental results and several issues are revealed. Using a realistic initial imperfection amplitude, the measured panel strength agrees very well with the derived model, giving a prediction somewhat below the values obtained from the traditional approach. This verifies that the actual wrinkling failure is below the theoretical instability load. Secondly, the model is able to distinguish between different failure modes, face sheet compression failure or core/adhesive joint tensile failure, giving good correlation with experimental findings. Thus, it appears that using initial imperfections as a basis for wrinkling analysis provides a better foundation for failure analysis than ordinary stability analysis, and it also allows to determine what failure mode is predominant. Finally, it is shown that the choice of core material can be done based on the theory presented to obtain a more efficient sandwich panel.