Development of benzo[cd]indolenyl cyanine dyes for NIR-absorbing films and elucidation of molecular structure–spectroscopic relationship

Abstract

Benzo[cd]indolenyl-substituted heptamethine cyanine dyes exhibit unique optical properties, notably pronounced near-infrared (NIR) absorption beyond 1000 nm, but their application in films remain challenging due to severe aggregation behaviors arising from...